CC  115  . B8  H6 
Howard  Crosby  Butler 


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in  2019  with  funding  from 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 


https://archive.org/details/howardcrosbybutlOOunse 


HOWARD 

CROSBY 

BUTLER 


♦ 


HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER 


1872-1922 


PRINCETON 

MCMXXIII 


COPYRIGHT  1923  BY  PRINCETON  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


THE  PRINCETON  UNIVERSITY  PRESS  PRINCETON  U.  S.  A. 


CONTENTS 


TO  H.  C.  B.,  I 

C.  IV.  Kennedy 

THE  MASTER,  2 

Tom  English 

HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER,  3 

V.  L.  Collins 

THE  MEMORIAL  SERVICE  43 

PRESIDENT  HIBBEN  4/ 

PROFESSOR  OSBORN  51 

PROFESSOR  MARQUAND  55 

DR.  ROBINSON  59 

DR.  HOGARTH  63 

DR.  VAN  DYKE  65 

CAPTAIN  o’cONNOR  67 

DEAN  WEST  69 

BISHOP  MATTHEWS  75 

IN  PROCTER  HALL,  77 

S.  L.  Wright ,  Jr. 

MINUTE  OF  THE  ORIENTAL  CLUB  78 

MESSAGE  OF  THE  DIRECTOR  OF  THE  IMPERIAL 
OTTOMAN  MUSEUM  83 

LINES  IN  MEMORY  OF  HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER,  84 

Edward  Steese 

RESOLUTION  OF  THE  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

INSTITUTE  OF  AMERICA  86 

HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER - A  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  87 

H.  S.  Leach 


. 


-  ■  ■  ■  — - 


_ 


— — 


HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER 


To  H.  C.  B. 


CHARLES  W.  KENNEDY 

Of  thee,  whom  honor  drew 
As  moon  the  sea, 

What  words  have  we  that  knew 
For  elegy? 

Lover  of  truth,  thou  art 
Where  all  is  true; 

The  whole  that  of  the  part 
Death  doth  renew. 

Lover  of  beauty  thou, 

Beyond  all  art 

Made  one  with  beauty  now, 

And  beauty’s  heart. 

Lover  of  chivalry 
And  gentleness, 

Gently  death  deal  with  thee, 
And  slow  time  bless. 


C  1  3 


THE  MASTER 


TOM  ENGLISH 

‘‘I  go  to  wake  the  dead.”  The  master  spoke, 

And  striking  in  the  desert  with  his  spade, 

He  turned  the  clay  dead  ages  had  o’erlaid 
Upon  the  graves  of  empires,  whence  awoke 
The  city  of  great  Croesus’  golden  folk, — 
Streets,  squares,  and  temples  wondrously 
displayed 

To  eyes  of  men  and  heaven’s  high  parade, 
Which  timeless,  changeless,  views  time’s 
changing  stroke. 

This  was  our  master,  who  has  journeyed  hence, 
Beyond  the  frontiers  of  earth’s  desert  day, 

On  some  dim  que£t  he  never  may  reveal. 

How  far  the  way,  the  night  how  murky-dense, 
It  matters  not;  his  Master’s  word  of  sway 
Will  bid  him  wake  at  la£l  to  endless  weal. 


[  2  ] 


HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER 


VARNUM  LANSING  COLLINS 

HOWARD  BUTLER  was  born  at  Croton 
Falls,  New  York,  on  March  7,1872,  the  son 
of  Edward  Marchant  and  Helen  Belden  (Cros¬ 
by)  Butler.  Receiving  his  early  education  from 
private  tutors  and  at  Lyons  Collegiate  Insti¬ 
tute,  New  York  City — his  mother  taught  him 
his  Latin, — he  entered  the  Berkeley  School  in 
October  1888  to  prepare  for  sophomore  Stand¬ 
ing  at  Princeton.  Letters  of  his,  written  to  his 
parents  before  he  was  ten  years  old,  promised 
traits  and  gifts  that  were  to  mark  his  matur¬ 
ity.  They  reveal  charmingly  his  more  than 
boyish  anxiety  for  the  welfare  of  his  farm 
animals,  his  chickens,  turkeys  and  sheep,  and 
“tough  little  ducks;”  a  love  of  flowers  and 
hills  and  the  open  air  is  very  apparent;  trees 
arching  a  country  lane  Stir  his  delight;  he 
wonders  with  evident  concern  how  nearly  the 
new  farmhouse  at  home  is  approaching  com¬ 
pletion;  and  he  observes  that  there  are  “lots 
of  churches”  in  the  town  he  is  visiting,  “some¬ 
thing  that  they  did  not  have  at  Coney  Island” 
where  he  had  spent  one  afternoon.  MoSt  sig¬ 
nificant  of  all,  in  view  of  his  subsequent  career, 
was  his  childhood  habit  of  collecting  news- 

[  3  3 


paper  clippings  describing  the  arrivals  and 
sailings  of  ocean  steamships,  and,  as  he  grew 
older,  clippings  of  travel  and  archaeological 
discovery.  It  was  as  if,  even  in  those  early 
years,  he  were  already  dreaming  and  plan¬ 
ning. 

AgainSt  this  background  of  life  in  the  open 
amid  growing  things,  and  of  interests  as  varied 
as  they  were  keen,  sobered  by  the  brooding 
fascination  of  an  elder  world  that  beckoned 
to  him  from  beyond  the  sea,  he  had  grown  in¬ 
to  a  quiet  lad  of  already  unmistakable  per¬ 
sonality.  One  of  his  Berkeley  School  contem¬ 
poraries,  two  or  three  forms  below  him,  has 
written  this  recollection : 

There  were  certain  characteristics  about  How¬ 
ard  Butler  that  never  loSt  their  impression.  As  a 
younger  boy  in  school,  I  remember  he  was  al¬ 
ways  the  courteous,  thoughtful  gentleman,  and 
although  we  naturally  met  but  seldom,  he  always 
responded  with  a  greeting,  the  personal  and  yet 
perfectly  appropriate  spirit  of  which  I  can  never 
forget.  Perhaps  I  met  him  a  dozen  times  in  my 
life  and  never  under  any  except  every  day  cir¬ 
cumstances,  and  yet  my  impression  of  him  to¬ 
day  is  more  vivid  than  of  any  one  else  of  so  pass¬ 
ing  an  acquaintance.  I  feel  sure  he  muSt  have  im¬ 
pressed  many  in  this  mysterious  way;  and  yet  it 
is  not  Strange  if  one  realizes  the  true  Strength  of 
his  personality  and  the  unusual  gentleness  of  his 
address. 


[  4  3 


In  September  1889  he  entered  the  Class  of 
1892  at  Princeton  as  a  Sophomore,  rooming  in 
his  firift  year  at  No.  33  North  Edwards  Hall. 
During  his  laSt  two  years  as  an  undergraduate 
he  occupied  No.  7  Reunion  Hall.  At  a  time 
when  campus  life  was  ruder  than  now  and  the 
life  of  a  Sophomore  in  particular  was  that  of 
an  Ishmael  against  whom  every  hand  was 
lifted,  his  refinement  of  manner,  dress,  and 
speech  singled  him  out  immediately  and  de¬ 
ceived  his  classmates  as  to  the  strength  of  will 
and  unhesitant  courage  that  lay  beneath  his 
calm  exterior,  much  as  his  mediocre  standing 
during  his  Sophomore  and  Junior  years  gave 
but  slight  indication  of  his  latent  powers. 
Careless  campus  assessment,  prone  to  judge 
at  fir£t  by  externals,  is  the  explanation  of  the 
nickname  “Mabel”  that  was  swiftly  given 
him;  but  campus  judgment  usually  comes  out 
right  at  la£t,  and  it  was  not  long  before 
Howard  Butler  won  prominence  in  the  affec¬ 
tion  and  respedf  of  the  Class. 

His  choices  of  £tudy  lay  in  History,  the  lan¬ 
guages,  and  Ancient  and  Modern  Art;  and  in 
Art  and  the  languages  he  ultimately  held 
high  rank.  He  already  knew  his  Classics  and 
English  Literature.  Later  he  learned  to  speak 
French  and  Italian  fluently,  and  Arabic,  Tur¬ 
kish  and  Modern  Greek  sufficiently  well  to 
dispense  with  interpreters  if  necessary,  al- 

C  5  3 


though  he  was  never  a  serious  student  of  lan¬ 
guages.  A  well-known  professor  at  Princeton 
dill  cherishes  the  photograph  of  a  class  in 
Dante,  whose  members  for  their  la£t  recita¬ 
tion  disguised  themselves  as  ruffians  of  the 
Mafia,  and  none  in  the  group  looks  blood- 
thirCtier  than  Butler.  He  accepted  initiation 
into  the  American  Whig  Society  but,  one 
imagines,  only  because  every  undergraduate 
at  Princeton  in  the  eighteen-nineties  was  ex¬ 
pected  to  belong  to  one  or  the  other  of  her 
ancient  twin  literary  societies;  his  tables  were 
too  individual  and  delicate  to  permit  him  to 
be  an  aCtive  Hall  member;  by  nature  he  was 
neither  a  debater  nor  an  orator,  but  rather  a 
reader  and  a  dream-builder. 

During  his  Junior  year  he  helped  to  organize 
an  eating-club  called  “The  Inn”  which  later 
became  “Tiger  Inn,”  and  for  which  he  de¬ 
signed  eventually  the  clubhouse  on  ProspeCt 
Avenue.  The  year  following  his  graduation  he 
was  also  one  of  a  group  of  congenial  spirits 
(among  whom  were  Jesse  Lynch  Williams  and 
Booth  Tarkington)  who  Ctyled  themselves 
“The  Coffee  House”  with  the  avowed  inten¬ 
tion  of  reading  together  classic  English  plays, 
but  who  aClually  found  themselves  given  over 
to  discussing  everything  in  general  and  thus 
each  week  settling  the  affairs  of  the  universe. 
“My  recollections  of  the  ‘Coffee  House/  ” 

[  6  3 


however,  writes  one  of  its  members,  “are 
among  the  mo£t  precious  of  my  college  course, 
and  I  derived  no  little  benefit  from  those 
gatherings  and  from  the  gentle  and  at  all  times 
thoughtful  and  intelligent  criticism  of  But¬ 
ler.”  Tarkington,  then  a  Senior  with  a  pen 
gifted  in  more  ways  than  one,  saved  to  pos¬ 
terity  the  name  of  this  coterie  by  doing  for 
the  college  annual  a  charming  little  drawing, 
in  eighteenth  century  manner,  of  the  “Coffee 
House”  in  session,  its  members  frankly  en¬ 
gaged  in  anything  but  serious  reading. 

Howard  Butler’s  most  important  contri¬ 
bution  to  extra-curricular  life  at  Princeton 
was  the  prominent  share  he  had  during  his 
Senior  year  in  reviving  the  University  Dra¬ 
matic  Association,  playing  the  part  of  Bianca 
in  John  Kendrick  Bangs’  “Katherine,”  and 
in  the  next  Spring  taking  the  character  of 
Portia  in  “The  Hon.  Julius  Caesar”  by  Po£t 
Wheeler  and  Tarkington.  This  was  the  play 
that  may  be  said  to  have  determined  the 
transformation  of  the  moribund  Dramatic 
Association  into  the  rollicking  Triangle  Club, 
of  which  Butler  remained  until  his  death  a 
far-seeing  director.  It  will  not  be  thought,  of 
course,  that  the  Triangle  Club  even  in  its 
mo£t  inspired  moments  represented  the  range 
of  his  view  of  the  place  Drama  should  occupy 
in  a  liberal  education.  He  had  not  learned  his 


C  7  ] 


Shakespeare  by  heart  for  nothing,  nor  was  it 
in  vain  that  throughout  his  life  Shakespeare’s 
plays  were  his  favorite  reading — next  to  the 
Bible,  which  he  read  daily.  On  the  contrary, 
he  was  convinced  that  a  time  would  come 
when  Drama  as  an  Art  would  be  officially 
recognized  and  treated  seriously  at  Princeton, 
and  he  died  ju£t  as  his  expectation  was  be¬ 
coming  a  reality. 

One  feature  of  the  two  productions  men¬ 
tioned  was  a  novelty  at  Princeton  of  thirty 
years  ago;  they  were  musical  comedies,  the 
scores  being  written  by  a  classmate  of  Butler. 
The  latter’s  appreciation  of  music  was  genuine 
and  not  merely  a  social  veneer;  his  crushing 
rebuke  delivered  one  night  at  the  Metropoli¬ 
tan  Opera  House  (where  he  was  an  annual 
subscriber)  to  an  individual  who  undertook 
to  hum  the  score  with  the  singer  on  the  3tage 
was  the  resentment  of  a  keen  lover  of  music 
whose  ta&e  and  knowledge  were  inherited. 
This  trait  was  noticeable  in  him  as  an  under¬ 
graduate.  The  classmate-composer  alluded  to 
makes  comment  on  this  facSt : 

His  personal  charm,  his  love  of  the  beautiful 
and  the  poetry  in  life,  his  love  of  music  were  all 
by-produ6ts  of  a  character  independent  of  asso¬ 
ciation  or  environment.  It  was  at  the  point  of 
music  that  our  lives  mod  intimately  touched. 
My  memory  now  turns  to  long  winter  evenings 

t  8  ] 


when  Butler  would  drop  into  my  room  in  North 
Dod,  with  a  request  for  ‘something  good.’  As  I 
played  he  would  sit  and  dream — of  what,  who 
knows? — until  the  end.  His  love  of  fine  music 
was  pidtorial  and  he  often  expressed  his  visuali¬ 
zations  after  some  selection  that  especially  ap¬ 
pealed.  They  were  always  the  expressions  of  a 
poet.  At  these  times  he  impressed  me  as  a  being 
superior  to  his  surroundings,  a  man  apart,  un¬ 
touched  by  environment.  In  fact,  he  always  gave 
me  that  sensation  even  when  we  were  indulging 
in  the  frivolity  of  a  Triangle  Club  burlesque.  I 
have  seen  him  but  seldom  in  these  later  years 
but  each  time  he  appeared  finer.  Purity  of  thought 
and  a6tion  was  always  his,  and  the  intervening 
years  seemed  merely  to  polish  and  refine  the 
strong  character  that  I  had  always  known. 

II 

In  June  1892  he  was  graduated  with  the  de¬ 
gree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  being  awarded  a  Fel¬ 
lowship  in  Art  and  Archaeology.  The  Senior 
Class  Nassau  Herald  had  recorded  him  as 
expecting  to  enter  the  profession  of  law — a 
more  grotesque  choice  he  could  not  have 
made;  but  the  ensuing  year  of  graduate  6tudy 
at  Princeton  was  spent  under  the  immeasure- 
able  inspiration  of  Professor  Allan  Marquand, 
at  whose  home  “Guernsey  Hall”  he  resided, 
and  that  year  decided  irrevocably  the  course 
his  life  should  follow.  Considering  his  inher- 

C  9  1 


itance  of  love  for  the  Fine  Arts  and  the 
Humanities,  love  of  music  and  good  books, 
love  of  living  things  and  the  calm  beauty  of 
Nature,  his  decision  to  devote  himself  to 
Architecture,  and  particularly  to  Ancient 
Architecture,  is  not  difficult  to  explain.  View¬ 
ing  Architecture  as  an  art  rather  than  as  a  tech¬ 
nical  science,  and  reading  in  its  monuments 
and  history  an  expression  of  the  lives  of  men 
since  the  days  of  mankind’s  mo£t  primitive 
shelters,  he  found  in  it  the  mo£t  elemental 
and  oldest  of  human  appeals;  and  his  was 
the  type  of  mind  in  which  the  human  appeal 
invariably  found  response.  It  was  not  filial 
devotion  alone  that  took  him  regularly  back 
throughout  his  life  to  the  little  family  circle 
Still  living  in  his  boyhood  home,  to  advise  and 
superintend,  or  to  carry  out — if  need  be  with 
his  own  hands — the  planting  of  the  garden, 
the  setting  out  of  shrubbery,  or  the  making  of 
those  little  changes  and  renovations  that  ex¬ 
press  one’s  love  for  a  place  where  one’s  roots 
go  deep.  Beautifully  devoted  as  he  was  to 
that  small  household,  these  occupations  were 
also  expressions  of  himself,  outcroppings  of  a 
dominant  strain,  satisfactions  of  personal 
needs. 

At  Commencement  in  June  1 893  he  received 
the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  on  examina¬ 
tion.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  v/as 

[  10  3 


now  open  to  him,  but  he  was  too  eager  to 
get  ahead  with  independent  research  of  his 
own  to  give  the  time  to  acquiring  any  addi¬ 
tional  degrees.  Accordingly  that  autumn  he 
enrolled  himself  under  Professor  Ware’s  guid¬ 
ance  in  the  School  of  Architecture  at  Colum¬ 
bia  University,  applying  himself  to  the  techni¬ 
cal  side  of  the  architect’s  profession.  In  i895 
he  was  called  back  to  Princeton  as  Lecturer 
on  Architecture,  remaining  the  two  academic 
years  of  1 895-1 896  and  1 896-1 897.  At  the  Ses- 
quicentennial  Celebration  of  the  founding  of 
Princeton,  held  in  1 896,  he  designed  a  beauti¬ 
ful  Memorial  Arch  on  Nassau  Street,  some¬ 
what  following  the  lines  of  the  Arch  of  Trajan 
at  Beneventum.  Another  of  his  creations  at 
Princeton  was  the  memorial  tablet  that  hung 
in  Marquand  Chapel  commemorating  the  he¬ 
roic  death  of  two  Princeton  missionaries  in  the 
Boxer  Rebellion.  Appointed  for  the  year  1897- 
1898  University  Fellow  in  Archaeology  at  the 
American  School  of  Classical  Studies  in  Rome, 
he  spent  the  year  abroad. 

As  far  back  as  his  Junior  year  at  college  he 
had  been  deeply  interested  in  Count  Melchior 
de  Vogue’s  well-known  record  of  his  tour 
through  Central  Syria  in  1861-62,  the  pub¬ 
lished  report  and  plates  of  which  had  remain¬ 
ed  the  principal  if  not  the  only  source  of  infor¬ 
mation  regarding  Pagan  and  Christian  Archi- 

C  11  3 


tedlure  in  that  region.  Correspondence  with 
the  older  scholar  began  an  acquaintance  which 
visits  to  Paris  ripened  into  warm  friendship,  so 
that  when  Mr.  Butler  at  length  proposed  to 
extend  and  complete  de  Vogue’s  explorations, 
he  not  only  received  mo£t  cordial  encourage¬ 
ment  but  was  given  the  note-books  and  maps 
of  the  earlier  journey.  It  may  be  added  here 
that  he  remained  on  the  mo£t  intimate  terms 
with  M.  de  Vogue  and  eventually  found  him¬ 
self  one  of  the  few  Americans — or  was  he  not 
the  only  one? — invited  to  contribute  to  the 
“Florilegium”  presented  to  the  Count  on  his 
eightieth  birthday. 

Thus  began  what  has  been  called  his  queSt 
among  the  ghoSt  cities  of  the  Syrian  Wilder¬ 
ness  and  at  the  buried  metropolis  of  Sardis, 
a  que£t  which  has  been  one  of  the  modern 
romances,  as  an  editorial  in  The  New  York 
Times  happily  phrased  it,  “where  he  put  the 
Recoverer  by  the  side  of  the  Discoverer  in 
the  field  of  scientific  adventure.” 

It  is  not  necessary  to  tell  here  the  6tory  of 
that  que£t  in  detail;  it  may  be  read  far  more 
convincingly  in  the  Reports  that  have  been 
published,  and  in  the  estimate  of  Mr.  Butler’s 
professional  work  that  is  to  appear  in  the 
American  Journal  of  Archaeology.  But  for  the 
present  purpose  it  is  in  point  to  quote  two 
sentences  from  his  statement  of  its  origination 

[  12  ] 


as  he  expressed  it  in  an  article  published  in  the 
Century  Magazine  of  June  1903,  containing  a 
curious  resurgence  and  vindication  of  his 
youthful  wondering  habit. 

In  reading  M.  de  Vogue’s  book  one  wonders 
what  there  may  be  beyond  and  on  each  side  of 
his  route;  for  he  says  that  there  were  many  great 
ruins  to  be  seen  in  the  distance  which  could  not 
be  reached  for  lack  of  time.  And  it  was  from  won¬ 
dering  what  might  be  beyond,  that  an  American 
archaeological  expedition  was  organized  in  1899 
to  extend  M.  de  Vogue’s  work  and  verify  his 
drawings  by  the  camera. 

This  was  Butler’s  firSl  expedition  into  the 
Syrian  Desert  and  was  made  possible  by  the 
generous  patronage  of  a  group  of  friends.  Its 
purpose  was  clearly  explained  in  the  preface 
to  his  volume  on  “Architecture  and  Other 
Arts”  in  Part  II  of  the  “Publications  of  an 
American  Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria, 
1899-1900,”  where  he  says: 

It  was  the  plan  of  this  American  expedition, 
so  far  as  the  £tudy  of  architecture  was  concerned, 
fir£t  to  visit  all  the  sites  reached  by  M.  de  Vogue, 
to  verify  the  measurements  of  monuments  al¬ 
ready  published  and  to  take  photographs  of  all 
such  monuments;  second,  to  £tudy  the  unpub¬ 
lished  monuments  at  the  same  sites  for  publica¬ 
tion;  and  third,  to  extend  the  search  for  ruins  in¬ 
to  unexplored  territory  and  to  determine,  as  far 

C  13  ] 


as  possible,  the  geographical  limits  of  the  region 
that  produced  the  particular  styles  of  architec¬ 
ture  known  to  exiCl  in  this  seCtion. 

This  plan  was  quite  thoroughly  carried  out 
in  Northern  Central  Syria: 

All  the  sites  visited  by  de  Vogue  were  reached, 
published  and  unpublished  monuments  were  mea¬ 
sured  and  photographed,  and  search  in  unex¬ 
plored  territory  was  rewarded  by  the  discovery 
of  many  sites  with  important  architectural  re¬ 
mains.  Several  unpublished  monuments  were 
found  in  places  known  to  explorers  and  a  strik¬ 
ingly  large  number  of  buildings  was  found  with 
dated  inscriptions  from  the  firCt  century  b.c.  to 
the  beginning  of  the  seventh  century  a.d. 

The  result  was  that  the  expedition  was  able 
not  only  to  corroborate  the  general  conclusions 
of  de  Vogue  but  also  to  correCl  them  in  many 
instances,  while  adding  largely  to  his  epi- 
graphical  results  and  to  scientific  knowledge 
of  the  architecture  and  vanished  life  of  the 
region. 

But  the  Syrian  Desert  had  not  absorbed  all 
of  Howard  Butler’s  attention.  He  had  the 
gift  of  being  able  to  work  easily,  to  pick  up  a 
task  where  he  had  left  it,  and  to  carry  it  on 
without  any  loss  of  momentum.  Interrup¬ 
tions  never  seemed  to  check  him.  And  so,  amid 
his  multitudinous  and  harassing  duties  as 
diredor  of  the  Syrian  expeditions,  two  acci- 

C  14  3 


dental  summer  visits  to  Scotland  had  been 
utilized  in  studying  the  ruins  of  Scottish  ab¬ 
beys,  partly  from  purely  architectural  motives 
and  partly  also  for  the  pleasure  of  recreating 
their  historic  and  romantic  Ctory.  The  mate¬ 
rials  thus  gathered  became  his  volume,  pub¬ 
lished  in  1900,  on  “Scotland's  Ruined  Abbeys,” 
of  which  the  London  Spectator  remarked  that 
the  author  had  struck  “a  happy  medium  be¬ 
tween  Dry-as-DuCt  and  the  late  Mr.Ruskin,” 
and  for  which  the  illustrations  were  his  own 
pen-and-ink  sketches.  Successive  visits  to 
Greece  and  particularly  a  Stay  at  Athens,  when 
as  a  student  in  the  American  School  at  Rome 
hehad  enjoyed  the  hospitality  of  the  American 
School  at  Athens,  gave  him  the  material  of  his 
popular  volume  “The  Story  of  Athens”  pub¬ 
lished  in  1902,  a  volume  which  inevitably 
suffers  of  course  from  the  impossibility  of  com¬ 
pressing  the  history  of  the  City  of  the  Violet 
Crown  into  five  hundred  pages.  The  sole  pur¬ 
pose  of  the  book  was  to  give  a  simple  unpre¬ 
tentious  sketch  of  the  life  and  art  of  Athens 
from  its  beginning  to  the  present,  as  recorded 
in  ancient  literature  and  in  the  monuments 
that  time  has  spared.  In  this  volume  Mr. 
Butler’s  line  drawings  of  Athenian  monuments 
are  often  quite  remarkable.  His  talent  with 
pen  and  ink  as  well  as  his  skill  as  a  technical 
draughtsman  is  plentifully  shown  in  the  illus- 

C  15  3 


trations  of  his  books  and  in  the  plates  of  the 
Reports  of  his  expeditions. 

In  1901  he  was  re-appointed  Lecturer  on 
Architecture  at  Princeton  and  held  this 
position  during  the  academic  years  1901 -1902 
to  1904-1905  inclusive,  being  then  promoted 
to  a  professorship  of  Art  and  Archaeology.  He 
retained  this  title  until  the  end  of  the  year 
1918-1919  when  the  name  of  his  chair  was 
changed  to  that  of  History  of  Architecture. 

Four  years  after  the  return  in  1900  of  the 
American  Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria, 
he  organized  a  second,  under  the  auspices  of 
Princeton  University.  This  expedition  had 
a  somewhat  different  aim  from  that  of  its 
predecessor;  it  purposed  to  3tudy  important 
sites  and  groups  of  less  important  sites  more 
in  detail  and  to  extend  research  into  new 
fields  only  in  a  few  clearly  defined  localities. 
And  in  the  Spring  of  1909  he  headed  a  third 
expedition  to  Syria  to  complete  the  work  be¬ 
gun  four  years  earlier  but  interrupted  by  bad 
weather  conditions  and  a  shortage  of  food. 
Although  brief  in  duration  this  expedition 
proved  to  be  exceptionally  successful.  The 
materials  collected  were  chiefly  epigraphical 
and  of  very  great  importance.  Several  vol¬ 
umes  of  reports  containing  the  results  of 
these  expeditions  have  been  published,  re¬ 
ports  in  which  other  Princeton  scholars  also 

[  16  ] 


have  their  important  part,  forming  a  monu¬ 
ment  of  American  scholarship  in  the  field  of 
Christian  Archaeology;  his  own  share  in  the 
series  will  be  indicated  by  the  Bibliography 
printed  later  in  these  pages.  But  it  is  well  to 
remember  that  it  was  his  vision,  his  energy 
and  persuasiveness,  his  directing  skill — or  if 
one  prefers  to  sum  it  up  in  the  word  his  former 
students  moSt  frequently  use  in  speaking  of 
him — his  insistent  and  unflagging  enthusiasm 
that  made  these  scholarly  volumes  possible. 

Ill 

A  warm  sympathizer  with  the  plan  of  a  resi¬ 
dential  graduate  college  which  had  been  dis¬ 
cussed  in  Princeton  councils  since  1896,  he  ac¬ 
cepted  in  1905  the  po£t  of  Master  in  Residence 
at  “Merwick,”  the  Graduate  House  opened 
as  an  experiment  on  the  lines  of  the  proposed 
college.  He  remained  in  office  when  the  ex¬ 
periment  became  a  permanent  success  and  the 
Graduate  College  itself  was  dedicated  in  1913, 
and  he  was  Master  until  his  death.  It  was  at 
this  po£t  that  the  influence  of  his  personality 
was  greatest.  To  anyone  who  observed  him 
only  casually  and  was  unfamiliar  with  the 
character  of  “the  Master, ”  as  he  was  called, he 
seemed  to  be  living  his  own  existence  oblivious 
to  the  fret  of  petty  details,  going  to  his  ledlure 
appointments  on  the  campus  and  returning 

C  17  ] 


immediately  to  his  tower  rooms  at  the  Gradu¬ 
ate  College  to  pursue  his  own  avocation.  Un¬ 
questionably,  he  refused  to  allow  himself  to 
be  held  down  by  minor  administrative  rules 
(such  for  example  as  reporting  names  of  ab¬ 
sentees  from  classes)  although  admittedly  such 
rules  are  indispensable  to  the  proper  discipline 
of  American  undergraduates;  he  served  on  no 
committees  of  the  Faculty  unless  they  had  to 
do  with  his  own  department  (frequent  ab¬ 
sences  from  Princeton  would  have  made  his 
usefulness  at  be£t  only  intermittent) ;  never¬ 
theless,  himself  an  enormous  worker,  he  was 
capable  of  infinite  pains,  unsparing  of  himself 
in  the  field  of  his  larger  responsibilities  and 
opportunity,  and  unceasing  in  his  real  interest 
in  the  men  about  him.  To  criticize  him  as  ob¬ 
livious,  aloof,  or  cold,  would  be  a  judgment 
than  which  it  is  difficult  to  find  one  more  er¬ 
roneous. 

The  unpublished  annals  of  “Merwick”  con¬ 
tain  valuable  testimony  to  his  methods: 

Many  a  time  have  difficulties  disappeared  un¬ 
der  his  calm  and  sane  attention.  His  advice,  wise 
and  kindly,  was  sparingly  given.  To  teach  us  to 
solve  our  own  problems,  to  sdand  upon  our  own 
feet,  was  his  aim.  And  much  as  we  profited  by  a 
word  fitly  spoken,  I  think  we  learned  an  even 
more  valuable  lesson  from  his  example.  He  was 
never  hurried  and  never  abrupt.  He  seemed  to 

C  18  3 


create  an  atmosphere  of  scholarly  leisure;  yet 
what  a  worker!  He  lectured  twelve  hours  a  week; 
he  corrected  personally  and  painstakingly  a  mass 
of  notebooks;  he  superintended  the  whole  run¬ 
ning  of  the  house.  Beside  his  formal  duties,  he 
was  drawing  plates  and  ceaselessly  working  on 
the  publications  springing  from  his  archaeologi¬ 
cal  researches.  Not  only  was  he  publishing  the 
results  of  paSt  work  but  he  was  finding  funds  and 
making  preparations  of  every  sort  for  coming 
trips  to  the  Near  EaSt.  In  addition  to  a  scholarly 
mind,  he  possessed  great  organizing  ability  and  a 
surprising  power  of  doing  two  things  at  once.  Often 
have  I  seen  him  taking  part  in  a  general  conver¬ 
sation  while  the  architectural  plate  grew  in 
beauty  and  complexity  beneath  his  calmly  mov¬ 
ing  fingers.  He  seemed  to  turn  his  attention  en¬ 
tirely  and  instantly  from  one  subject  to  another. 

At  the  Graduate  College,  his  duties  required 
constant  daily  exercise  of  executive  ability 
on  a  larger  scale  in  the  material  administra¬ 
tion  of  the  building,  tact  and  firmness  in  the 
organization  and  general  guidance  of  the 
domestic  life  of  the  place,  and  a  Still  wider 
range  of  sympathies  in  the  personal  advice  and 
help  he  was  always  ready  to  give.  ‘'I  shall 
never  forget,”  says  a  foreign  Student  who  re¬ 
sided  at  the  College  at  two  separate  periods, 
“I  shall  never  forget  how,  in  spite  of  the  vaSt 
amount  of  work  he  did,  he  never  was  too  busy 
to  help  any  of  his  Students,  or  fellow-workers, 


[  19  ] 


as  he  always  regarded  us.”  Seeming  to  have 
but  few  intimate  friends,  he  was  on  the  other 
hand  a  constant  and  genuine  friend  not  only 
to  successive  groups  of  students,  graduate 
and  undergraduate,  in  his  own  department,  but 
to  all  who  during  the  paSt  decade  have  been 
residents  of  the  Graduate  College.  His  doors 
were  open  in  the  evening  to  any  who  sought 
his  counsel  or  merely  dropped  in  for  a  chat. 
This  genuine  unobtrusive  friendliness  was 
not  limited  to  the  scholars  in  the  community 
on  the  hill;  the  Greek  serving-men  there 
loved  him;  he  personally  supervised  the  edu¬ 
cation  of  one  or  two  promising  boys  from 
Greece;  frequently  he  was  to  be  seen  pausing 
on  Nassau  Street  in  Princeton  to  chat  with 
townspeople  on  a  footing  of  familiarity  that 
one  associates  with  a  wayside  village  on  the 
New  York-Albany  PoStroad;  undergraduates, 
juSt  beginning  to  find  themselves,  discovered 
in  him  an  adviser  to  whom  they  could  bring 
their  questions  without  reserve. 

One  of  his  former  students  speaks  of  his  ex¬ 
ceptional  quality  of  sensitive  understanding 
of  the  Student’s  point  of  view,  the  grasp  he  had 
of  each  individual’s  attitude  of  mind;  he  al¬ 
ways  evinced  a  ready  sympathy  for  their  dif¬ 
ficulties,  and  would  gradually  set  forth  their 
path  by  feeling  out  their  own  logic  for  them, 
tempering  it  all  with  what  his  conscience  and 


[  20  ] 


his  experience  told  him  was  the  truth.  Few 
realized  until  afterwards,  if  ever,  what  his 
service  had  really  been. 

As  his  courses  grew  in  popularity,”  continues 
this  writer,  “more  and  more  men  took  them  with 
the  expedition  that  they  would  prove  less  exad- 
ing  than  others.  Such  men  began  by  being  amused 
at  his  humour,  then  became  intereded  by  his 
pidures  of  by-gone  times,  and  ended  by  being 
enthralled  by  his  personality,  and  converts  to  a 
love  of  the  Fine  Arts.  Whatever  may  have  been 
their  fird  impression  his  dudents  came  unfail¬ 
ingly  to  admire  his  scholarship  and  to  realize 
that  in  him  a  love  of  the  Fine  Arts  was  without 
any  suspicion  of  ‘pose/  The  adonishing  success 
he  had  as  a  teacher,  the  keen  and  enduring  ap¬ 
preciation  he  evoked  for  the  beauties  of  archi- 
tedure,  were  due  as  much  to  the  unaffeded  gen¬ 
uineness  of  his  own  personality,  as  to  the  enthu¬ 
siasm  he  himself  possessed  and  which  he  inspired 
in  others. 

It  is  true,  as  another  of  his  dudents  has 
written  with  regard  to  Mr.  Butler’s  qualities 
as  a  teacher,  that  he  was  no  taskmader;  no 
one  who  loved  him  can  be  so  blind  as  not  to 
have  seen  that  he  was  lenient. 

He  did  not  seem  to  exped  his  dudents  to  do 
long  readings,  to  write  voluminous  reports,  or  to 
clear  up  the  field  of  each  topic  with  religious 
completeness.  The  exading  research  of  scholar¬ 
ship  he  had  probably  found  irksome  himself  and 

[  21  n 


so  did  not  require  it  of  his  students.  His  own  broad 
and  detailed  knowledge  of  architecture  had  been 
gathered  from  the  very  monuments,  and  his  mem¬ 
ory  was  such  that  he  could  revive  with  photo¬ 
graphic  accuracy  almost  every  architectural  ele¬ 
ment  that  he  had  ever  seen  or  touched.  Hence 
his  own  mind  served  him  as  a  firSt-hand  refer¬ 
ence  library  and  he  was  not  insistent  upon  the 
importance  of  second-hand  reference  work  in  the 
bibliography  of  architecture.  Always  and  especial¬ 
ly  he  was  a  Student  of  men,  and  his  interest  in 
architecture  was  in  its  human  actuality  rather 
than  in  its  unhuman  science.  So  that  he  probably 
found  books  of  pedantic  scholarship  dull  and  life¬ 
less  save  as  they  threw  some  light  upon  the  real 
problems  of  excavation  and  restoration;  and  in 
these  he  was  boyishly  enthusiastic  and  scrupu¬ 
lously  exaCt. 

But  when  one  comes  to  the  things  he  gave, 
both  to  those  who  Studied  under  him  and  to 
those  who  juSl  came  to  be  with  him,  analysis  is 
baffling.  While  he  never  seemed  to  insist  that 
men  should  work,  and  at  times  seemed  to  con¬ 
nive  with  them  in  scholastic  indulgence,  he  fired 
everyone  about  him  with  an  enthusiasm  for  archi¬ 
tecture.  And  enthusiasm  is  the  firSt  Step  towards 
work.  The  way  this  power  of  his  to  kindle  a 
flame  of  vital  interest  aCted  upon  so  many  and 
such  different  types  of  men  Still  passes  our  un¬ 
derstanding.  It  was  magic.  Perhaps  it  was  not 
architecture  at  all  but  his  own  superb  enthusiasm 
that  swept  away  all  barriers,  save  those  of  love 
and  respeCt,  between  him  and  his  young  friends 

C  22  ] 


and  simply  made  men  interested  in  what  he  en¬ 
joyed.  This  however  can  not  be  the  secret,  as  he 
was  ever  more  interested  in  the  individual  than 
in  anything  of  his  own.  That  interest  in  others 
was  the  power  which  drew  men  to  him,  made 
them  unburden  themselves  and  seek  his  advice. 
It  was  simply  that  young  men  came  to  love  him 
with  a  devotion  which  made  them  want  what  he 
wanted.  Certainly  his  power  of  putting  the  Stu¬ 
dent  at  his  ease,  freeing  his  mind  of  self-con¬ 
scious  inhibitions,  had  something  to  do  with  his 
power  of  awaking  an  interest  in  architecture.  It 
was  Strange  how  he  could  help  men  to  discover 
their  own  minds.” 

“Another  faCtor  that  worked  upon  his  Stu¬ 
dents  was  the  clarity  of  both  his  memory  and 
his  power  of  description.  From  the  Storehouse  of 
his  experience  he  could  rebuild  pictures  in  words, 
add  graphic  particulars  to  the  slightest  detail, 
and  make  his  subjeCt  a  fascinating  game.  I  think 
we  all  came  at  one  time  or  another  to  look  upon 
him  as  an  ideal;  many  went  so  far  as  to  affeCt  his 
calm  and  manner;  all  of  us  dreamed  of  Storing 
our  minds  with  the  vaSt  amount  of  material  that 
seemed  to  flow  so  freely  from  his.” 

Readers  of  these  pages  will  have  caught  the 
recurring  reference  to  Howard  Butler’s  man¬ 
ner;  it  is  found  even  in  the  recollection  of  him 
as  a  boy.  It  was  as  much  a  part  of  his  elusive 
character  as  his  immaculateness  amid  the  dust 
and  heat  of  excavation  labor,  or  his  insistence, 

[  23  d 


when  in  the  field,  on  having  afternoon  tea 
served  as  regularly  as  if  he  were  in  a  well- 
appointed  club  instead  of  a  tent  in  the  Syrian 
Desert.  It  was  not  that  he  demanded  luxury 
— far  from  it,  for  he  had  not  been  so  brought 
up  and  moreover  he  carried  responsibilities 
that  forbade  luxurious  self-indulgence.  It  was 
rather  that  his  philosophy  of  life  insisted  that 
the  surest  method  of  overcoming  discomfort 
and  the  vexatious  was  to  ignore  them  good- 
naturedly,  certainly  to  minimize  them,  render 
them  unimportant,  and  meanwhile  to  make 
all  that  one  might  of  the  little  graces  and  ame¬ 
liorations  of  existence.  This  was  the  secret  of 
his  imperturbability.  And  his  outward  conces¬ 
sions  to  personal  well-being  never  hindered 
him  in  his  tasks;  his  field-notes  and  diaries 
were  always  up  to  date,  his  manuscript  always 
the  firSt  to  be  ready  for  the  printer.  He  carried 
with  him  wherever  he  might  be  an  atmos¬ 
phere  of  serenity  and  graciousness,  not  an  ex¬ 
ternal  finish,  superficial  and  assumed,  or  ac¬ 
quired  through  years  of  polite  living;  but,  to 
continue  these  words  of  one  who  knew  him 
long  and  well,  “an  inner  poise,  a  free  and  love¬ 
ly  attitude  of  spirit  toward  all  outward  things, 
so  that  at  once  life  became  simpler,  finer,  and 
living  itself  a  fine  art.”  His  presence  in  a  room 
seemed  immediately  to  lift  its  tone;  never  was 
he  rough-voiced,  never  bitter  nor  petty,  never 

E  24  3 


in  ugly  mood,  never  even  bearing  himself  with 
depressing  carriage,  but  creating  always  a 
buoyant  sense  of  tine  beauty  in  life. 

“With  this  went  the  stronger  quality  of  justice, 
the  quality  of  seeing  with  another’s  eyes;  instinc¬ 
tively  one  felt  that  no  personal  consideration,  no 
narrow  outlook,  hampered  his  justness.  He  went 
Straight  to  the  heart  of  any  trouble,  eliminating 
unessentials  and  illuminating  the  point  so  simply 
that  doubts  vanished  and  decision  became  easy. 
I  believe  this  quality  came  both  from  his  sympa¬ 
thetic  understanding  of  people  and  his  clear  think¬ 
ing.  His  mind  worked  like  a  fine  machine,  precise, 
accurate.” 

Of  his  rare  physical  courage  plenty  of  evi¬ 
dence  is  to  be  found  in  his  Eastern  experiences; 
his  gentleness  was  not  the  gentleness  of  timid¬ 
ity  but  that  of  self-reliant  strength  that  knows 
not  fear.  One  quotation  from  his  unpublished 
narrative  of  an  encounter  with  the  Bedawin 
during  the  Princeton  Expedition  of  1909,  will 
suffice  as  an  illustration : 

“  .  .  .  We  had  scarcely  time  to  realize  where  we 
were  before  a  band  of  twenty  spearmen,  well 
mounted,  Started  in  our  direction  at  full  gallop 
with  the  unmistakable  war-cry  of  the  Bedawin. 
These  had  scarcely  left  the  tents  when  a  second 
band,  armed  with  rifles,  dashed  after  their  fel¬ 
lows.  I  realized  at  once  the  danger  of  our  posi¬ 
tion.  My  four  companions  were  in  Syria  for  the 
firSt  time,  their  experience  with  Arabs  was  hard- 

C  25  3 


ly  a  week  old,  they  knew  not  a  word  of  Arabic. 
There  was  no  time  to  think,  no  chance  to  ex¬ 
plain.  Leaving  them  grouped  about  our  drago¬ 
man,  I  rode  direblly  toward  the  advancing  horse¬ 
men  coming  on  at  full  speed  with  spears  set.  I 
yelled  at  the  top  of  my  voice:  ‘Your  guests  are 
unarmed!’  waving  my  arms  to  show  that  I  was 
unarmed,  as  I  always  was  among  the  Arabs.  To 
my  astonishment  the  appeal  seemed  to  make  no 
impression;  the  Arabs  continued  their  charge, 
and  for  a  moment  I  began  to  lose  faith  in  Arab 
cuStom.  But  juSt  as  their  spears  seemed  to  reach 
my  horse’s  nose,  the  band  parted  and  in  a  second 
one  group  had  surrounded  me  while  the  other 
made  a  ring  around  my  party.  Then  pandemo¬ 
nium  was  let  loose.  They  dismounted,  holding  faSt 
our  horses,  though  not  a  hand  was  laid  upon  one 
of  us  foreigners.  They  pulled  the  soldier  [a  guard] 
from  his  horse,  took  his  rifle,  and  began  to  Strip 
his  cartridges  from  him.  In  the  Babel  of  sound  I 
could  make  out  ‘Who  are  you  ?  What  are  you  do¬ 
ing  here?’  Then  as  the  shouts  and  excitement  in¬ 
creased  and  our  situation  seemed  at  its  worSt,  I 
saw  a  tall  spare  figure  all  in  white  mounted  on  a 
beautiful  Arab  horse,  easily  cantering  up  toward 
us,  his  mantle  floating  out  behind  him.” 

The  newcomer  was  the  great  Shekh  of  the 
Anizeh  and  explanations  proved  that  the  ex¬ 
plorers  had  been  mistaken  for  hostile  raiders. 

Thorough  acquaintance  with  the  EaStern 
mind  and  with  the  etiquette  of  the  Desert, 
exquisite  tadl  and  unerring  judgment,  to- 

[  26  ] 


gether  with  those  other  qualities  of  heart  and 
spirit  that  gave  him  his  hold  on  men  of  his 
own  race,  placed  Mr.  Butler  on  immediate 
good  terms  with  Arab,  Druse,  Greek  or  Turk. 
In  a  delightful  series  of  unpublished ‘‘Sketches 
of  the  Druses,”  he  describes  how  Hassan,  the 
Shekh  of  Tarba,  became  convinced  that  he 
mu  St  send  his  two  young  sons  to  America  to 
be  educated  under  Mr.  Butler’s  care;  how  he 
was  called  father  and  brother  by  warlike  chiefs 
because  he  had  used  his  good  offices  with  the 
Governor  of  Damascus  on  their  behalf;  and 
how  he  was  formally  desired  to  request  the 
Sultan,  Abdul  Hamid,  to  appoint  him  gover¬ 
nor  of  the  Druses. 

But  if  he  made  this  impression  on  half-wild 
dwellers  of  the  wilderness,  he  was  no  less 
genuinely  admired  and  trusted  in  the  highest 
circles  of  the  Ottoman  Empire.  The  simple 
Druses  were  amazed  to  learn  that  he  had 
talked  face  to  face  with  the  Sultan  and  had 
even  smoked  a  cigarette  with  His  Imperial 
Majesty .  One  of  his  warmest  and  moSt  in¬ 
fluential  friends  in  the  EaSt  was  Halil  Edhem 
Bey,  the  distinguished  Director  of  the  Imperi¬ 
al  Ottoman  Museum  at  Constantinople,  and 
the  formal  message  which  the  latter  sent,  on 
Mr.  Butler’s  death,  to  the  President  of  Prince¬ 
ton  University,  made  no  attempt  to  hide  the 
note  of  personal  loss.  This  even  more  plainly 

[  27  ] 


permeates  a  private  letter  written  by  him  to 
one  of  Butler’s  colleagues,  by  whose  permis¬ 
sion  it  is  quoted: 

Rentre  ici  apres  un  long  sejour  en  Suisse  a 
cause  de  ma  sante,  quelle  ne  fut  ma  douleur 
d’apprendre  le  deces  inattendu  de  Mons.  Butler. 
J’ai  dejafait  parvenir,  par  l’entremise  de  Mons. 
I’ amiral  Bristol,  1’expression  de  ma  profonde  con- 
doleance  a  l’Universite  de  Princeton.  Permettez- 
moi  de  vous  dire  aussi  combien  j’ai  ete  afflige  de 
cette  perte  immense  et  irreparable  aussi  bien  pour 
la  science  que  pour  ses  amis.  Depuis  de  longues 
annees  que  j’avais  le  bonheur  d’etre  en  relations 
avec  lui,  j’ai  pu  toujours  conSlater  sa  droiture  et 
son  caraSlere  fin  et  delicieux.  Ma  triStesse  s’eSl 
augmentee  de  ce  fait  qu’il  avait  dit  en  quittant 
Constantinople  qu’il  irait  me  voir  en  Suisse.  Et 
je  l’attendais  longuement,  helas,  en  vain.  Mon¬ 
sieur  Butler  s’eSt  erige  lui-meme  un  monument 
par  ses  importantes  publications  et  par  les  fouilles 
de  Sardes.  J’aime  a  esperer  que  ces  travaux 
seront  repris  par  des  collaborateurs  diStingues 
comme  vous. 

Je  vous  serais  bien  reconnaissant,  si  vous  vou- 
driez  bien  presenter  a  l’honorable  famille  de 
notre  regrette  ami  mes  plus  profonds  sentiments 
de  sympathie. 

IV 

Mr.  Butler’s  Slay  in  America,  after  the  laSt 
Princeton  expedition  to  Syria  came  home,  was 
deSlined  to  be  short,  for  his  moSl  ambitious 

C  28  ] 


dream  was  now  shaping  itself — the  miracle 
which  was  to  transform  a  barley-field  into  the 
site  of  a  splendid  building  and  to  recover  the 
art  and  life  and  romance  of  an  ancient  royal 
city  in  Asia  Minor.  This  was  the  excavation  of 
Sardis.  The  antiquity  of  the  site,  its  impor¬ 
tance  in  history,  and  its  geographical  position 
made  it  appear  almost  certain  that  Sardis 
held  the  key  to  many  different  historical  and 
archaeological  problems.  These  words  of  his 
own  express  the  purpose  controlling  his  for¬ 
mation  of  the  American  Society  for  the  Ex¬ 
cavation  of  Sardis.  Backed  by  the  generous 
support  of  the  Society  and  the  cordial  co-op¬ 
eration  of  the  Turkish  authorities, — it  was  at 
the  suggestion  of  Hamdi  Bey,  then  Director 
of  the  Imperial  Ottoman  Museum,  that  he 
had  applied  for  permission  to  excavate  Sardis 
— he  assembled  his  Staff,  bought  his  equip¬ 
ment,  hired  his  laborers,  and  in  March  1910 
began  adtual  work  at  the  ancient  Lydian  capi¬ 
tal. 

At  the  close  of  his  firSt  campaign  at  this 
spot,  his  archaeological  work,  which  had  long 
since  attracted  attention,  now  received  dis¬ 
tinguished  recognition.  In  the  Autumn  of  1910 
he  was  awarded  the  Lucy  Wharton  Drexel 
Medal  “for  his  researches  in  Syria  and  his  pub¬ 
lications  thereon,  and  for  his  recent  excava¬ 
tions  at  Sardes.”  So  runs  the  language  of  the 

C  29  ] 


award  which,  it  may  be  recalled  is  made  “for 
the  beSt  archaeological  excavation,  or  for  the 
beSt  publication  based  on  archaeological  ex¬ 
cavation,  by  an  English  speaking  scholar  with¬ 
in  the  previous  five  years.” 

The  promise  of  the  firSt  campaign  at  Sardis 
was  brilliantly  fulfilled.  Writing  in  Scribner  s 
Magazine  in  19 14,  after  four  campaigns  but 
only  eighteen  months  of  adtual  working-time, 
he  summed  up  in  these  words  the  progress 
made: 

“A  sloping  barley-field,  with  two  columns  and 
a  heap  of  fallen  column-drums  clustering  about 
them,  has  been  converted  into  a  vaSt  pit  over 
six  hundred  feet  long  and  four  hundred  feet  wide, 
twelve  feet  deep  at  one  end  and  fifty  feet  deep  at 
the  other,  with  four  lines  of  railway  on  either  side 
running  on  four  different  levels  and  spreading  out 
towards  the  weSt,  over  the  great  flat  brown  dump 
which  now  almoSt  fills  the  broad  river-bed  at  this 
point.  In  the  midSt  of  the  excavation  Stands  the 
Temple,  its  every  outline  at  the  far  end  marked 
out  by  marble  foundations  againSt  the  brown 
earth,  its  middle  sedtion  outlined  by  walls  Stand¬ 
ing  at  a  height  of  six  feet  or  more,  and  its  eaSt 
end  rising  majestically  in  highly  finished  walls  fif¬ 
teen  to  twenty  feet  high,  and  thirteen  huge  col¬ 
umns  Still  preserving  twenty-five  to  thirty  feet  of 
their  original  height,  in  addition  to  the  two  origi¬ 
nal  columns  which  tower  almoSt  sixty  feet  above 
the  platform.” 


C  30  ] 


Such  was  Still  the  general  appearance  of  the 
excavation  when  he  re-visited  it  in  the  Spring 
of  1922.  The  introductory  volume  of  the  long 
series  planned  to  cover  the  variety  of  materi¬ 
als  brought  back  to  light  came  from  Mr.  But¬ 
ler’s  pen  and  was  published  in  the  Summer  of 
1922.  Even  to  the  layman  in  archaeology  it  is 
a  fascinating  narrative,  full  of  human  sym¬ 
pathy  and  dramatic  detail.  Happily,  Mr.  But¬ 
ler’s  second  volume  on  Sardis,  that  on  the 
great  Temple  of  Artemis,  is  ready  to  appear. 
Architecturally,  the  Temple  is  thus  far  the 
chief  single  result  of  the  excavation;  but  the 
little  buried  Christian  church  unearthed  in 
1912 — successor  of  “the  Church  in  Sardis”  of 
which  St.  John  wrote — grips  one’s  imagina¬ 
tion  perhaps  more  than  the  glorious  struc¬ 
ture  overshadowing  it.  The  moSt  important 
discovery  from  a  scientific  point  of  view,  in 
addition  to  the  large  collection  of  Lydian 
texts,  is  obviously  that  of  the  Lydian-Arama- 
ic  bilingual  key,  dating  from  the  fourth  or 
fifth  century  before  Christ  and  making  pos¬ 
sible  the  initial  Steps  toward  deciphering  the 
“new  old”  Lydian  language.  As  for  the  other 
finds — the  many  tombs  and  inscriptions,  the 
pottery,  the  vessels  of  bronze  and  silver,  ala¬ 
baster  and  glass,  the  jewelry  of  gold  and 
precious  Stones,  the  necklaces  and  rings  and 
other  personal  ornaments — they  connote  the 

C  31  3 


joys,  the  loves  and  aspirations,  and  also  the 
tragedies,  of  human  beings  more  than  twenty 
centuries  ago.  But  the  work  at  Sardis  was 
stopped  by  the  European  War  and  during  the 
eight  years  that  followed  19 14  the  director 
devoted  himself  to  duties  closer  at  home. 


V 

In  April  1916  the  Princeton  Architectural  As¬ 
sociation  was  organized  by  a  group  of  thirty- 
eight  Princeton  graduates,  chiefly  architects, 
who  were  all  formerly  students  in  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Art  and  Archaeology  and  who  with 
but  two  exceptions  had  received  their  prelimi¬ 
nary  training  under  Mr.  Butler.  In  view  of  the 
great  increase  of  undergraduate  interest  in  the 
Study  of  architecture,  this  Association  memo¬ 
rialized  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Princeton 
University  on  the  feasibility  of  establishing  a 
school  of  Architecture  at  Princeton,  not  as  an 
outgrowth  of  an  engineering  or  technical  de¬ 
partment,  as  was  the  case  with  moSt  of  the  ex¬ 
isting  American  schools  of  architecture,  but 
as  a  development  out  of  the  Department  of 
Art  and  Archaeology.  Already  the  instruction 
in  the  Department  was  saving  for  three  to  five 
men  annually  one  to  two  years  in  the  profes¬ 
sional  schools.  Mr.  Butler  was  asked  by  the 
Board  to  draw  up  a  Statement  of  the  feasibility 

C  32  ] 


of  such  a  development.  His  conclusions  were 
set  forth  in  a  carefully  prepared  report  pre¬ 
sented  to  the  Board  in  October  1916.  The  pro¬ 
posal  of  such  a  school  at  Princeton  was  not  new ; 
fifteen  years  earlier  it  had  been  discussed,  and 
after  consultation  with  several  distinguished 
American  architects,  notably  the  late  Charles 
F.  McKim,  Mr.  Butler  had  drawn  up  a  State¬ 
ment  of  the  plan  he  had  in  mind  of  teaching 
architecture  rather  as  a  Fine  Art  than  solely 
as  a  technical  profession.  “This  means,”  said 
he,  “that  Students  in  architecture  shall,  in 
their  undergraduate  days,  be  members  of  the 
Department  of  Art  and  shall  Study  the  his¬ 
tory  and  appreciation  of  sculpture  and  paint¬ 
ing  as  well  as  the  purely  architectural  sub¬ 
jects,”  and  the  undergraduate  course  was  to 
be  followed  by  at  leaSt  two  years  of  graduate 
Study.  Mr.  Butler  took  the  opportunity  at 
this  time  to  set  forth  a  Still  broader  concep¬ 
tion — the  future  development  of  a  College  of 
Fine  Arts  at  Princeton,  a  group  of  schools  in 
which  not  only  Architecture  but  Sculpture 
and  Painting  might  be  taught,  all  to  be  based 
on  the  humanistic  liberal  Studies  as  their  es¬ 
sential  background  and  foundation. 

A  special  committee  was  appointed  to  con¬ 
sider  his  primary  recommendation  as  to  a 
School  of  Architecture,  and  in  1917  a  site  was 
designated  and  part  of  the  necessary  funds 

[  33  3 


for  additional  equipment  and  Staff  was  pro¬ 
cured.  Progress  was  delayed  on  account  of 
the  war;  but  in  1920  the  School  was  at  length 
organized  with  Mr.  Butler  as  Director,  the 
Staff  increased,  and  the  plans  for  an  addition 
to  the  Museum  of  Historic  Art  being  approved, 
in  1921  the  erection  of  McCormick  Hall,  de¬ 
signed  particularly  for  the  new  School  and 
owing  its  material  existence  principally  to 
the  generosity  of  the  McCormick  family,  was 
begun.  Its  endowment  was  the  gift  of  the 
Class  of  1895  Princeton  University.  The 
building  was  occupied  in  the  Autumn  of  1922. 

During  the  European  War  Mr.  Butler’s 
first-hand  knowledge  of  the  EaSt  enabled  him 
to  render  service  both  to  the  British  War 
Office  and  to  the  United  States’  “Commission 
of  Inquiry.”  In  the  “Inquiry’s”  preparation  of 
material  for  the  Peace  Conference,  work  upon 
Turkish  problems  was  centered  at  Princeton, 
and  here  his  familiaritv  with  conditions  in  the 

J 

Turkish  Empire  and  especially  his  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  Arab  sector  were  of  great 
assistance.  Those  with  whom  he  worked  have 
commented  upon  his  admirable  political  judg¬ 
ment  and  on  the  fine  quality  of  kindliness  and 
understanding  that  marked  his  convi(ffions. 
The  help  he  gave  to  the  British  War  Office  is 
beSt  described  in  his  own  words  in  an  article 
which  appeared  in  the  June  1922  number  of 

C  34  3 


the  News  Letter  of  the  Princeton  Engineering 
Association.  It  was  evident,  he  says,  that 
the  fascicules  published  up  to  19 14  by  the 
American  and  Princeton  Expeditions  to  Syria 
had  not  contained  all  the  maps  contemplated 
by  the  expeditions. 

“Early  in  the  war,”  he  continues,  “a  letter 
came  to  me  from  a  Professor  in  Oxford  [D.  C. 
Hogarth]  who  was  well  acquainted  with  our  work 
in  Syria,  asking  if  I  were  too  neutral  in  thought 
to  supply  the  British  War  Office  with  notes  and 
tracings  of  the  maps  of  Syria  which  we  had  not 
yet  published.  My  reply  brought  a  formal  re¬ 
quest  from  the  War  Office  for  the  use  of  this  ma¬ 
terial.  I  had  already  begun  to  prepare  tracings  of 
some  of  the  maps  drawn  by  Edward  R.  Stoever, 
who  had  been  making  maps  for  our  publications 
from  F.  A.  Norris’s  notes  [both  Princeton  en¬ 
gineers],  and  in  addition  to  draw  other  maps 
from  the  great  mass  of  surveyor’s  notes  made  by 
both  Garrett  [also  a  Princeton  engineer]  and  Nor¬ 
ris,  which  had  never  been  reduced  to  drawings. 
To  the  ordinary  surveys  and  route  maps  I  added 
from  my  own  notes  and  those  of  the  others  all 
sorts  of  information  about  the  country,  the 
tribes,  the  wells,  the  fertile  places,  the  ancient 
roads,  etc.  In  a  few  weeks  the  maps  were  finished 
and  shipped  to  Egypt,  and  I  learned  later,  from 
the  General  Staff,  that  our  maps  were  the  only 
ones  that  General  Allenby  had,  for  several  sec¬ 
tions  of  the  journey  made  by  his  troops  on  the 
ea£t  of  Jordan.” 


C  35  3 


Mr.  Butler  belonged  to  several  learned  so¬ 
cieties— the  Archaeological  Institute  ofAmer- 
ica,  the  American  Institute  of  Architects,  the 
Architectural  League,  the  American  Oriental 
Society,  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Hel¬ 
lenic  Studies,  the  Society  for  the  Promotion 
of  Roman  Studies,  the  Oriental  Club  of  Phila¬ 
delphia,  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences;  and  he  was  a  Trustee  of  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Schools  of  Oriental  Research.  He  was 
particularly  active  in  the  Archaeological  In¬ 
stitute.  He  had  been  president  of  the  New 
Jersey  Society  of  the  Institute  and  a  member 
of  the  Council,  besides  being  placed  on  several 
committees.  At  the  meetingofthe  Institute  in 
December  1920  he  was  appointed  chairman  of 
the  committee  to  reorganize  the  American 
Journal  of  Archaeology,  and  a  year  later  was 
appointed  one  of  three  members  of  the  Insti¬ 
tute  to  form  a  Research  Commission  (its  mem¬ 
bership  was  later  increased  to  seven)  to  pre¬ 
pare  a  general  plan  for  all  projects  of  explora¬ 
tion,  excavation,  and  publication  in  all  fields 
of  archaeology,  to  be  undertaken  by  America; 
and  he  was  unanimously  elected  chairman  of 
the  Commission.  The  Institute  spread  upon  its 
minutes  of  December  1922  the  tribute  to  his 
memory  quoted  on  a  later  page.  Similar  ac¬ 
tion  was  taken  by  the  Oriental  Club  of  Phila¬ 
delphia. 


C  36  3 


VI 

Careful  inquiry  during  the  Winter  of  1921 
had  indicated  that  operations  at  Sardis  might 
be  resumed,  and  early  in  the  Spring  of  1922 
members  of  the  excavation  Staff  went  out  to 
take  up  the  work,  Mr.  Butler  himself  arriv¬ 
ing  in  the  middle  of  May.  His  Class  of  1892 
at  Princeton  had  been  assuming  paternal,  if 
jocular,  oversight  of  his  work  in  the  EaSt,  and 
for  several  years  he  had  been  required  to 
report  at  Class  reunions  and  dinners  on  the 
progress  of  his  labor — to  what  end  was  he 
directing  excavations,  men  asked,  save  to  the 
greater  glory  of  the  Class  ?  These  demands  he 
used  to  meet  with  constant  good  humor,  fully 
entering  into  their  spirit;  and,  illustrating  his 
talks  with  photographs  and  other  material, 
never  failed  to  capture  his  audience.  Obedient 
to  the  familiar  call  he  wrote  on  May  22,  from 
Sardis,  a  characteristically  modeSt  letter  for 
the  Class,  to  be  read  at  the  Thirtieth  Reunion 
in  June.  From  this  letter  the  passages  that 
follow  are  taken: 

“You  can’t  imagine  my  sensations  on  revisit¬ 
ing  the  old  dig  after  eight  years’  absence.  The 
hole  in  the  ground  with  the  Temple  in  the  middle 
of  it  has  changed  little,  except  that  the  raw  earth 
is  now  grass-grown,  paSture  for  sheep  and  goats. 
MoSt  of  the  important  objects  in  the  excavation 
were  untouched.  But  our  house  which  was  a  com- 

1 37  ] 


plete  wreck  is  dill  only  a  faint  semblance  of  its 
former  self.  Our  big  dining-room  has  a  huge  tent 
fly  where  the  roof  used  to  be,  and  we  use  ladders 
instead  of  flairs;  for  Kemal  and  his  men  had  gut¬ 
ted  the  house  of  every  dick  of  wood.  Neverthe¬ 
less  we  are  quite  comfortable,  and  our  native 
cook  is  a  chef  of  no  mean  order.  The  wine  too  is 
of  very  excellent  quality,  so  that  I  find  life  very 
much  more  cheerful  than  in  the  arid  deserts  of 
the  U.  S.  A. — and  this  country  has  a  reputation 
for  being  a  desert! 

“Mod  of  the  work  this  year  has  been  and  will 
be  devoted  to  getting  things  into  shape  again, 
securing  the  excavation  from  further  filling  up 
and  protecting  what  is  left  .  .  .  Little  excavation 
has  been  carried  on  this  season;  but  one  small  dig 
yielded  a  little  pot  containing  thirty  gold  daters 
of  Croesus,  all  in  perfeCt  condition. 

“Yesterday  being  Sunday  and  there  being  no 
chapel,  we  took  a  long  walk  darting  out  at  6  a.m. 
and  getting  back  at  6  p.m.  We  had  shots  at  three 
wild  boars — one  of  them  as  large  as  a  small  cow 
— but  missed  them  all.  The  weather  is  wonder¬ 
fully  fine;  today  has  been  almod  too  cool,  and  I 
am  sitting  inside  by  a  hot  lamp  wearing  a  sweater 
and  a  thick  coat.  I  think  I  shall  spend  about 
three  weeks  more  on  this  job  and  then  take  a  lit¬ 
tle  jaunt  in  Greece  and  Italy. 

“If  you  receive  this  in  time  perhaps  you  will 
read  or  show  parts  of  it  to  the  Class  during  the 
Reunion.  In  any  event  I  hope  you  will  tell  the 
fellows  how  deeply  I  regret  being  away  from 
Princeton  at  this  time.  Those  of  them  who  have 

[  38  3 


families  will  perhaps  be  able  to  imagine  how  they 
would  feel  if  they  had  not  seen  one  of  their  chil¬ 
dren  in  eight  years.  Syria  and  Sardis  are  my  two 
children.  The  opportunity  came  to  see  Sardis  and 
I  could  not  resist  even  if  I  had  to  miss  our  great 
gathering  in  Princeton.  Give  my  love  to  all  the 
Class  and  to  all  friends  in  the  Burgh.  I  shall 
drink  the  toaSt  on  the  appointed  day.” 

He  left  Sardis  for  the  “little  jaunt”  as  he  had 
planned,  going  by  way  of  Smyrna  and  Con¬ 
stantinople,  where  he  wrote  a  letter  to  his 
mother  on  her  birthday,  and  after  revisiting 
Athens  finally  with  two  of  his  colleagues  ar¬ 
rived  at  Taormina  in  July.  Here  on  the3iSthe 
was  taken  with  some  form  of  inteStinal  fever 
which  left  him  greatly  weakened.  Seven  days 
later  he  was  able  to  travel,  and  the  party 
motored  across  the  island  to  Palermo,  Mr. 
Butler  glad  to  be  again  en  route,  and  intend¬ 
ing  to  boat  to  Naples,  where  they  arrived  on 
the  9th  of  AuguSl.  He  left  on  the  10th  for 
Paris  to  keep  an  engagement  with  his  pub¬ 
lisher.  During  his  illness  he  adted  with  his 
cuStomary  cheerfulness,  minimizing  discom¬ 
forts,  and  repeating  that  he  was  not  ill  but 
merely  weak.  He  reached  Paris  much  exhaust¬ 
ed  on  Friday  evening,  the  nth,  and  was 
taken  to  a  hotel.  His  friends  in  Paris  did  not 
know  of  his  arrival.  Saturday  he  reSted,  but 
insisted  that  reservations  be  engaged  on  the 

C  39  1 


boat-train  for  London  the  next  afternoon,  ex¬ 
pelling  to  sail  for  home  from  England  on  the 
19th.  His  condition  becoming  visibly  worse 
even  to  the  strangers  among  whom  he  found 
himself,  he  was  carried  to  the  American  Hos¬ 
pital  at  Neuilly  on  Sunday  afternoon,  August 
13.  He  died  that  evening.1  His  body  was 
brought  back  to  America  and  was  buried  at 
Croton  Falls  on  September  6,  from  the  little 
Presbyterian  church  which  he  had  designed. 
The  old  minister  who  conducted  the  service 
of  his  burial  was  the  one  who  had  baptized 
him  as  a  child. 

There  is  something  profoundly  touching  in 
his  joy  at  seeing  Sardis  again  after  eight 
years — and  then  to  die  so  tragically.  He  had 
been  granted  more  indeed  than  a  glimpse  of 
his  promised  land  and  had  probably  formed 
a  rather  definite  estimate  of  the  secrets  it  £till 
has  to  reveal.  His  published  work  and  un¬ 
published  manuscripts  on  the  archaeology  of 
the  Syrian  Desert  and  his  two  great  volumes 
on  distant  Sardis  and  her  Temple  will  remain 
his  witness  to  a  wondering  that  was  richly 
answered;  but  the  completion  not  only  of  this 
que£l  but  also  of  his  mo£l  cherished  dream  of 
some  day  excavating  at  Palmyra  will  be  left 
to  others.  On  a  Christian  tomb  in  Northern 

*It  was  my  sad  duty  to  identify  his  body  the  next  day, 
August  14,  1922, — V.  L.  C. 

[  40  ] 


Syria,  discovered  by  his  fir&  expedition,  is  a 
Greek  inscription  cut  some  fourteen  centuries 
ago,  whose  phrases  might  have  been  propheti¬ 
cally  his  own:  “I  sojourned  well;  I  journeyed 
well;  and  well  I  lie  at  re£t.  Pray  for  me.”1 

Publications  of  an  American  Archaeological  Expedition  to 
Syria,  1899-1900.  Part  III,  Greek  and  Latin  Inscriptions, 
edited  by  W.  K.  Prentice,  No.  265.  €7 T7]dr]iJi7]a  a  K  aXcbs, 
rj\0a  kcl\cqs,  nai  Kiixe  /caXws.  Eu^t/t cuvTreprjfjLOV. 


1  41  3 


IfM 


THE  MEMORIAL  SERVICE 


ON  the  afternoon  ofOctober  1 1 ,  at  the  Grad¬ 
uate  College,  in  the  noble  Procter  Hall 
where  his  Latin  Grace  before  Meat  had  become 
traditional,  and  amid  surroundings  moSt  per¬ 
vaded  by  his  spirit  and  influence,  a  Service 
was  held  in  his  memory.  On  the  dais  under 
the  great  Memorial  Window  were  President 

y 

Professor  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn,  President 
of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 
and  lately  Acting  Chairman  of  the  American 
Society  for  the  Excavation  of  Sardis,  Dr.  Ed¬ 
ward  Robinson,  Director  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art,  Dr.  Henry  van  Dyke,  Mur¬ 
ray  Professor  of  English  Literature  in  Prince¬ 
ton  University,  the  Right  Reverend  Paul 
Matthews,  Bishop  of  New  Jersey,  the  Rev¬ 
erend  William  Leroy  Mudge  of  the  Class  of 
1892,  Colonel  William  Cooper  Procter,  Trus¬ 
tee  of  Princeton  University  and  Chairman  of 
the  Trustees’  Committee  on  the  Graduate 
School,  Ex-Minister  John  W.  Garrett  (an  inti¬ 
mate  friend  and  college-mate  of  Mr.  Butler), 
Mr.  Thomas  Hastings,  President  of  the  So¬ 
ciety  of  Beaux  Arts  Architects  and  member 
of  the  Advisory  Board  of  Architects  in  the 

[  43  3 


Princeton  School  of  Architecture,  Professor 
Allan  Marquand,  Chairman  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Art  and  Archaeology,  Princeton  Uni¬ 
versity,  Captain  Robert  B.  O’Connor,  the 
firSt  graduate  of  the  School  of  Architecture, 
and  Professor  Andrew  F.  WeSt,  Dean  of  the 
Graduate  School.  The  High  Table  was  decora¬ 
ted  with  chrysanthemums  and  autumn  leaves, 
and  a  great  log  was  blazing  in  the  huge  re¬ 
cessed  fireplace.  The  flowers,  the  play  of  the 
firelight,  the  brilliant  academic  costumes,  and 
the  glory  of  the  Window  struck  a  note  rather 
of  triumph  than  of  sadness.  The  Programme 
contained  a  reproduction  of  the  laSt  photo¬ 
graph  of  Mr.  Butler  (used  also  as  the  frontis¬ 
piece  of  this  book)  and  under  the  portrait 
were  these  sentences:  “Sardis,  wealthiest  city 
in  Asia  after  Babylon”  (from  Xenophon’s  Cyro- 
pedia))  “What  think  you  of  royal  Sardis,  home 
of  Croesus?  And  what  of  Smyrna?”  (from  Hor¬ 
ace’s  Epi files),  and  laSt  of  all  the  words  of  St. 
John  the  Divine:  “And  unto  the  angel  of  the 
church  in  Sardis  write:  They  shall  walk  with 
me  in  white;  for  they  are  worthy.  And  unto 
the  angel  of  the  church  in  Smyrna  write:  Be 
thou  faithful  unto  death,  and  I  will  give  thee 
a  crown  of  life.” 

After  the  Organ  Prelude — the  Air  from 
Bach’s  “Suite  in  D” — played  by  Dr.  Alexan¬ 
der  Russell  on  the  Organ  and  Mr.  Francis  W. 

C  44  3 


Roudebush  on  the  violin,  the  Reverend  Mr. 
Mudge  read  the  Scripture  Lesson  from  the 
twelfth  and  thirteenth  chapters  of  the  Fir£t 
Epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  and  then  offered 
this  Prayer: 

“Eternal  God,  ever  living,  life  giving,  we  give 
Thee  thanks  for  the  pure  and  noble  life  of 
our  dearly  loved  friend  who  has  gone  from 
us  to  abide  in  fulness  of  joy  forevermore. 
We  pray  that  his  gifts  and  graces  may 
dwell  as  an  influence  in  this  place  to  make 
us  better  men,  more  worthy  of  our  high 
calling. 

“And  as  we  linger  yet  a  moment  to  speak  with 
our  Father,  hear  us,  not  in  weak  words  of 
our  own  choosing,  but  in  the  words  of 
eternal  peace  taught  by  our  Elder  Brother, 
our  adorable  Lord  and  Saviour: 

“  ‘Our  Father  who  art  in  Heaven,  hallowed  be 
Thy  name.  Thy  kingdom  come.  Thy  will 
be  done  on  earth  as  it  is  in  Heaven.  Give 
us  this  day  our  daily  bread.  And  forgive 
us  our  trespasses  as  we  forgive  those  that 
trespass  against  us.  And  lead  us  not  into 
tempation;  but  deliver  us  from  evil.  For 
Thine  is  the  kingdom,  the  power,  and  the 
glory,  for  ever  and  ever.  Amen.’  ” 


c  45 : 


' 


■ 


* 


President  Hibben  then  spoke: 

PRESIDENT  HIBBEN 

WE  meet  today  obeying  an  instinctive  im¬ 
pulse  common  to  all  mankind — to  honor 
their  beloved  dead.  We  come  with  mingled 
feelings  of  grief  and  yet  of  pride,  bearing  our 
tributes  of  praise  and  affection  for  one  who 
has  left  us  for  a  far  country,  whom  even  in  our 
thoughts  we  may  not  follow  and  whom  we 
cannot  recall  to  his  wonted  place  and  labors 
in  the  Princeton  which  he  devotedly  loved 
and  served.  There  are  others,  who  will  follow 
me  this  afternoon,  who  will  speak  of  Howard 
Butler  as  the  scholar  and  the  explorer,  and 
of  his  life  and  influence  here  as  hrSt  Master 
in  Residence  of  our  Graduate  College.  It  is 
fitting  that  I  should  dwell  for  a  few  moments 
upon  his  great  value  to  the  University  as  a 
teacher. 

It  does  not  always  happen  that  one  whose 
daily  thoughts  are  running  in  the  fields  of 
observation  and  research  should  at  the  same 
time  be  willing  and  able  to  give  himself  un¬ 
reservedly  to  the  duties  of  teaching.  Howard 
Butler,  however,  was  able  to  combine  happily 
the  two  functions  of  the  scholar  and  of  the 
teacher.  He  had  a  genius  for  teaching.  In  all 
his  achievements  in  this  sphere  of  his  adtivi- 

£  47  3 


ties  he  gave  an  illustration  of  the  truth  that 
teaching  is  one  of  the  Fine  Arts.  He  gave  him¬ 
self  with  his  whole  soul  and  spirit  to  the 
Students,  sparing  neither  time  nor  energy  in 
his  zealous  efforts  to  impart  to  them  the 
secrets  of  knowledge  and  inspiring  them  with 
interest  and  enthusiasm  for  their  work.  He 
awakened  their  minds,  quickened  their  in¬ 
tellectual  curiosity  and  imparted  to  them  a 
love  of  truth,  so  that  life  for  them  took  on  a 
new  meaning.  Through  his  example  and  in¬ 
fluence  they  forgot  the  passing  of  time  and 
even  all  fatigue  in  their  Studies.  His  was  a 
marvelous  achievement,  the  very  triumph  of 
teaching.  Like  the  great  maSters  of  old,  who 
looked  upon  the  faces  of  their  pupils  and 
founded  the  schools  of  the  Academy  and  the 
Lyceum,  so  Professor  Butler  conceived  the 
idea  of  a  school  which  should  have  a  perma¬ 
nent  name  and  place  in  our  academic  life.  A 
small  group  of  Students  pursuing  the  Study 
of  architecture  under  Professor  Butler  marked 
the  beginning  of  the  realization  of  his  pur¬ 
pose.  There  soon  followed  the  organization 
of  the  School  of  Architecture,  with  Professor 
Butler  as  its  firSt  Director.  The  enterprise 
developed  rapidly  until  one  and  a  half  years 
ago  the  new  McCormick  Hall  was  begun  and 
will  soon  be  finished  as  the  permanent  home 
of  the  School. 


C  48  ] 


The  founder  and  director  of  this  great  en¬ 
terprise  has  fallen  in  the  mid£t  of  his  labors 
and  at  the  moment  of  the  full  fruition  of 
his  hope  and  expectations.  The  master  mind 
has  been  withdrawn  from  its  activities;  the 
voice  of  counsel  and  of  inspiration  has  been 
Stilled.  And  yet  if  I  could  express  his  wish  to¬ 
day,  I  am  sure  that  he  would  have  me  say  to 
those  whose  lives  have  been  informed  by  his 
spirit  and  fashioned  after  his  likeness  that 
they  must  carry  on  this  work  so  auspiciously 
begun,  with  unflagging  zeal  in  the  spirit  of 
his  desire  and  in  his  name.  As  your  master  and 
leader,  one  who  wrapped  himself  wholly  in 
his  work,  devoting  his  great  gifts  and  labors 
fir£t  of  all  to  the  upbuilding  of  the  strength 
and  beauty  of  our  Princeton  life,  he  would 
urge  upon  you  to  seek,  with  the  enthusiasm 
of  his  spirit  and  with  a  purpose  made  sacred 
by  his  death,  the  realization  of  that  end 
toward  which  he  had  directed  the  course  of 
his  life  and  of  which,  I  believe,  in  his  la£t 
hours  he  was  not  unmindful. 


[  49  ] 


Professor  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn  followed 
President  Hibben ,  speaking  of  Mr.  Butler  as 
the  Explorer. 

PROFESSOR  OSBORN 

IN  the  Divine  Comedy, Dante  speaks  ofUlys- 
ses,  of  exploration  of  the  we&ern  seas  and 
lands,  of  braving  dangers,  of  overcoming  ob¬ 
stacles,  of  offering  home,  family,  friends,  life 
itself,  in  the  queSt  of  the  great  unknown,  its 
wonders,  its  beauties,  its  riches. 

“O  brothers!”  I  began,  “who  to  the  weSt 
Through  perils  without  number  now  have  reach’d ; 
To  this  the  short  remaining  watch,  that  yet 
Our  senses  have  to  wake,  refuse  not  proof 
Of  the  unpeopled  world,  following  the  track 
Of  Phoebus.  Call  to  mind  from  whence  ye  sprang: 
Ye  were  not  form’d  to  live  the  lives  of  brutes, 

But  virtue  to  pursue  and  knowledge  high.”1 

For  two  thousand  years  our  ancestors,  thus 
inspired,  were  facing  the  setting  sun,  until  the 
whole  earth  had  been  encircled  by  explorers. 

Then,  only  a  brief  hundred  years  ago,  the 
indomitable  human  spirit  turned  eastward, 
toward  the  rising  sun,  the  Orient,  toward  the 
buried  treasures  and  paSt  beauties  of  the  very 

1  Dante  Alighieri,  Inferno  xxvi,  11.  1 12-120.  Translated  by 
the  Rev.  H.  F.  Cary,  a.m. 

C  P  ] 


peoples  and  civilizations  which  had  been  press¬ 
ing  westward  from  the  dawn  of  history. 

Led  by  Layard,  Schliemann,  Evans,  and  a 
hoSt  of  others,  and  chiefly  inspired  by  de 
Vogue,  Howard  Crosby  Butler  became  a  cru¬ 
sader  in  this  eastward  tide  of  exploration. 

As  a  follower  in  his  youthful  Princeton  days, 
and  in  the  broad  and  deep  discipline  of  his 
graduate  years,  he  prepared  himself. 

A  short  seven  years  after  graduation,  name¬ 
ly  in  the  year  1899,  we  find  die  deserts 

of  North  Central  Syria  in  full  command.  No 
longer  a  follower,  but  a  leader,  imaginative, 
determined,  successful,  soon  becoming  dis¬ 
tinguished.  No  one  of  us  who  knew  the  gentle 
and  almost  too  gentlemanly  student  of  art 
and  the  classics  under  Marquand  and  Froth- 
ingham  would  have  divined  his  latent  powers 
to  command  Orientals,  whether  Arabs,  Be¬ 
douins,  or  Turks.  Suaviter  in  modo,  fortiter  in 
re ,  he  was  firSt:  trusted,  then  almost  idolized 
by  his  workmen. 

It  was  the  sterling  integrity,  as  well  as  the 
consummate  skill,  of  the  work  in  Syria  (1899- 
1909)  which  led  to  the  highest  distinction 
ever  offered  to  an  American  and  Christian  ex¬ 
plorer  by  a  Mohammedan  government,  name¬ 
ly,  the  unsolicited  invitation  to  enter  and  take 
command  of  the  excavation  of  Sardis.  The 
Turks  knew  they  could  truSt  Butler;  they 

C  52  3 


knew  that  he  was  absolutely  honorable.  The 
difficulties  of  Sardis  exploration  had  seemed 
insurmountable  to  others;  the  great  period  of 
civilization  and  culture  of  Asia  Minor,  ju£t 
older  than  the  Syrian  and  extending  back  to 
the  Lydian  and  beyond,  was  buried  fathoms 
deep.  These  deeply  buried  ruins  were  to  be 
entered  under  his  brilliant  leadership  between 
1910  and  1922.  His  was  the  secret  of  self-for¬ 
getfulness  in  a  great  cause.  Butler  never  spoke 
to  us  of  himself,  always  of  the  workmen,  of  the 
colleagues,  of  the  students,  of  the  mo£t  be¬ 
loved  Alma  Mater.  He  was  driven  on,  not  by 
ambition,  but  by  love — love  of  his  fellow  men, 
love  of  his  profession,  love  of  beauty  and 
truth. 

His  own  genial  and  idealistic  view  of  life 
is  reflected  in  the  characters  and  personalities 
which  he  brought  to  life,  and  now  that  he  has 
taken  his  place  among  the  noble  shades  of  the 
long  period  of6ooB.c.  to  a.d.  600,  the  artisans, 
the  architects,  the  poets,  the  merchants,  the 
rulers,  the  governors,  even  the  shade  of  the 
supreme  ruler,  Croesus,  will  be  grateful  to  him. 
We  hear  them  murmuring,  “We  have  been 
charged  with  a  mere  love  of  gain  and  of  the 
gold  of  PaCtolus.  You  have  shown  the  world 
that  we  loved  beauty,  that  we  kept  our  cove¬ 
nants,  that  we  honored  our  deities.  ”  Still  more 
will  the  shades  of  ancient  Syria,  and  the  shades 

C  53  ] 


of  honorable  men  and  women  of  the  early 
Christian  Church,  from  its  very  beginnings 
beneath  the  shadows  of  the  ruined  pillars  of 
Sardis  to  the  glorious  temples  of  Syria,  honor 
and  welcome  him. 

The  span  of  Butler’s  life  as  an  Explorer  was 
only  twenty- two  years;  his  name  and  his  in¬ 
fluence  will  endure  as  many  centuries.  So  in 
our  bereavement  we  are  consoled  by  his  im¬ 
mortality. 

“  . . .  That  which  we  are,  we  are: 

One  equal  temper  of  heroic  hearts, 

Made  weak  by  time  and  fate,  but  Strong  in  will 

To  Strive,  to  seek,  to  find  and  not  to  yield.” 1 

lAlfred  Tennyson.  Ulysses.  Last  four  lines. 


c  54  :i 


Professor  Allan  Marquand ,  in  behalj  of  the 
Faculty  of  the  University ,  read  the  following 
Minute  adopted  by  that  body: 

PROFESSOR  MARQUAND 

THE  Faculty  of  Princeton  University 
places  on  its  record  this  Minute  concern¬ 
ing  the  death  of  Professor  Howard  Crosby 
Butler: 

He  started  on  what  proved  to  be  a  very  emi¬ 
nent  career,  relying  solely  on  his  own  slender 
means,  his  native  abilities  and  the  fine  home 
training  given  by  his  honored  parents.  It  is  the 
tale  of  a  gifted  American  boy  overcoming  dis¬ 
heartening  difficulties  by  quiet  effort  and  win¬ 
ning  his  way  to  well-earned  international  re¬ 
nown. 

As  an  investigator  in  archaeology  he  form¬ 
ed  and  led  three  expeditions  into  the  Syrian 
Desert  and  two  expeditions  for  excavating  an¬ 
cient  Sardis.  His  tad:  and  personal  bravery 
in  dealing  with  turbulent  conditions  among 
wild  tribes  and  the  many  piduresque  experi¬ 
ences  he  encountered  invented  his  expeditions 
with  the  charm  of  romance.  The  discoveries 
made  under  his  diredion,  already  published 
or  to  be  published,  have  disclosed  and  inter¬ 
preted  for  the  modern  world  long-lod  treas¬ 
ures  of  knowledge  regarding  the  successive 

C  55  3 


Lydian,  Greek,  Syrian  and  Roman  civiliza¬ 
tions.  It  was  a  fitting  tribute  to  his  leadership 
that  he  was  unanimously  chosen  a  year  ago 
by  the  Archaeological  Institute  of  America  to 
be  the  Chairman  of  its  newly  created  Re¬ 
search  Commission  which  is  to  draft  a  plan 
for  all  enterprises  of  exploration,  excavation 
and  publication  to  be  undertaken  by  the 
archaeologists  of  America  for  a  generation 
to  come. 

As  a  Professor  of  the  History  of  Architec¬ 
ture  he  was  unique  in  our  land.  More  than 
an  able  technician  or  professional  expert,  he 
Stood  almoSt  alone  in  transcending  his  sub¬ 
ject  and  in  revealing  it  againSt  its  broad  and 
deep  historic  background  both  as  complete  in 
itself  and  as  an  organic  part  of  human  achieve¬ 
ment. 

As  a  teacher  he  had  a  subtle  inStindt  for 
divining  and  evoking  the  latent  powers  of 
those  he  taught.  His  calmly  patient  counsels, 
freely  given  and  gladly  taken,  wakened  his 
Students  individually  and  in  groups  to  efforts 
they  had  formerly  thought  impossible,  and 
finally  created  a  living  force  Strong  enough  to 
found  our  School  of  Architecture  to  carry  out 
the  high  purposes  he  had  aroused  in  them. 

As  MaSter  in  Residence  at  “Merwick”  and 
then  in  the  Graduate  College  he  gave  the  laSt 
seventeen  years  of  his  life  to  moulding  inti- 

[  56  3 


mately  the  minds  and  hearts  of  those  who 
dwelt  with  him  there.  His  scholarly  tone,  his 
poise  of  character,  his  spirituality,  and  his 
personal  grace  exerted  a  pure  and  deep  in¬ 
fluence  on  succeeding  generations  of  students. 
Those  who  were  privileged  to  live  in  close 
daily  comradeship  with  him  in  the  Graduate 
College  beSt  know  how  ready  and  sympa¬ 
thetic  was  his  interest,  how  penetrating  and 
stimulating  his  advice  in  all  the  problems 
wherein  men  sought  his  guidance.  He  had 
a  genius  for  friendship,  irresistibly  drawing 
young  men  about  him  and  touching  all  by  the 
love  of  beauty,  devotion  to  things  of  the 
mind,  and  scorn  of  the  trivial  and  base,  which 
in  him  united  to  form  a  shining  pattern  of 
true  learning  and  gentle  living. 


[  57  3 


Sil  i..  mi  .  m.  .  .  ail 


Dr.  Edward  Robinson  was  the  next  speaker: 

DR.  ROBINSON 

WHEN  he  was  in  his  ninety-third  year, 
John  Bigelow  told  me  that, looking  back 
upon  his  long  life,  he  could  not  recall  a  single 
instance  of  a  death  in  his  circle  of  family  and 
friends  in  which  he  was  not  convinced  that 
the  person,  however  young,  had  died  at  the 
beSt  time  for  his  or  her  own  welfare  and  happi¬ 
ness,  no  matter  how  great  the  grief  of  those 
that  were  left,  or  how  cruel  they  may  have 
thought  the  blow. 

This  attitude  betokens  a  perfection  of  faith 
which  is  not  always  easy  to  attain,  yet  if 
we  look  into  our  own  experience  we  may  be 
astonished  to  find  how  often  it  is  justified, 
whether  by  knowledge  had  at  the  time  or 
gained  afterwards.  How  is  it  with  the  friend 
whom  we  are  gathered  here  to  commemorate 
today?  It  is  hard  to  believe  now  that  we  shall 
have  this  consolation  in  his  case,  but  may  we 
not  hope  that  time  will  bring  it?  Are  there  not 
already  some  indications  which  point  that 
way? 

He  was,  to  be  sure,  cut  down  in  the  flower 
of  his  manhood,  when  we  might  have  looked 
forward  to  many  years  of  useful  and  valuable 
work  to  come,  yet  already  he  had  accomplished 

[  59  3 


more  than  falls  to  the  lot  of  many  a  man  of 
equal  ambition  in  a  much  longer  span  of  life. 
In  his  chosen  field  of  archaeological  research 
he  had  the  privilege  of  knowing  that  he  had 
materially  advanced  the  world’s  knowledge. 
His  life  was  one  of  happy  achievement.  With  a 
baffling  serenity  he  made  his  way  through  the 
difficulties  of  enlisting  support  for  his  projects 
as  he  did  later  through  the  unknown  Syrian 
desert  and  the  mass  of  earth  which  buried 
Sardis.  Beneath  that  gentleness  of  voice  and 
manner  which  was  so  endearing  yet  so  highly 
deceptive  to  those  who  did  not  really  know 
him,  were  a  will  of  £teel  and  an  indomitable 
disposition  which  made  him  oblivious  of  all 
obstacles,  however  serious  they  appeared  to 
his  advisers,  and  he  vanquished  them. 

What  would  have  been  the  effedl  on  such  a 
temperament  if  he  could  have  known  of  the 
disaster  that  was  so  soon  to  follow  his  la£t 
visit  to  the  scene  of  his  highest  hopes? 

Fortunately  for  him  and  for  us  his  work  at 
Sardis  was  neither  lo£t  nor  waited.  By  a  co¬ 
incidence  which  seems  like  an  a6t  of  Provi¬ 
dence  his  book  on  the  subje6t  left  the  press 
ju£t  as  his  death  was  approaching;  and  in  the 
new  wing  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum,  now 
about  to  be  completed,  it  is  our  hope  that 
some  of  the  treasures  of  art  brought  to  light 
through  his  excavations  may  be  permanently 

C  60  ] 


installed  in  a  separate  room,  to  be  known  as 
the  “Sardis  Gallery.”  Such  a  gallery  mu£t  in¬ 
evitably  become,  as  we  intend  that  it  shall, 
an  enduring  monument  to  him. 


C  61  ] 


— 


President  Hibben  then  read  this  letter  from  Dr. 
David  G.  Hogarth ,  Keeper  of  the  Ashmolean 
Museum ,  University  of  Oxford: 

DR.  HOGARTH 

I  SHOULD  lay  with  equal  pleasure  and  sor¬ 
row  such  a  wreath  as  I  may  on  Butler’s 
grave.  He  was  one  of  the  moCI  single-minded, 
thorough  going  and  courageous  explorers  that 
I  have  known.  His  suavity  in  modo  hardly 
prepared  one  for  the  very  Clout  heart  that 
was  in  him  and  for  the  self-discipline  to  which 
he  could  subjedt  himself.  I  remember  the 
shock  of  surprise  with  which  I  heard  in  Aleppo 
in  1908  how,  on  one  occasion  when  he  found 
his  messengers  nervous  of  riding  up  from  the 
country  eaCt  of  Hamah  to  fetch  the  cash  nec¬ 
essary  for  his  party,  he  excused  them  and 
rode  up  himself  with  (I  think)  a  single  at¬ 
tendant  and  returned  through  a  disturbed 
and  brigand-infected  district  with  more  than 
enough  money  on  his  person  to  have  attracted 
all  the  thieves  of  Syria.  He  never  required 
anyone  to  do  what  he  would  not  do  himself, 
and  spared  himself  less  than  others. 

Both  the  work  he  organized  and  did  in 
Syria  and  the  publication  of  it  are  wholly 
creditable  to  him  and  to  American  scholar¬ 
ship.  He  was  thorough  to  the  verge  of  meticu- 

C  63  3 


lousness;  his  faults,  if  any,  being  ever  on  the 
right  side!  For  his  initiation,  organization, 
and  conduft  of  the  Sardis  excavation  all  the 
learned  world  is  in  his  debt.  So  far  as  it  has 
gone,  it  is  a  model  excavation,  and  the  be£t  of 
all  memorials  to  him  would  be  its  continu¬ 
ance  and  completion  on  the  lines  that  he  laid 
down.  But  it  will  be  difficult  to  find  again  in 
one  man  his  combination  of  determination, 
diplomacy  and  driving  power — and  all  three 
will  be  tested  to  the  full  before  so  great  a 
work  is  carried  through.  That  one  should  re¬ 
quire  so  much  from  his  successor  is,  perhaps, 
the  measure  of  the  tribute  due  to  Butler. 

Of  his  friendship  to  myself  and  his  sym¬ 
pathy  with  us  which  he  lo£t  no  time  in  de¬ 
claring  seven  years  ago,  I  need  not  speak.  He 
placed  his  intimate  knowledge  of  remote 
parts  of  Syria  at  our  service,  but  we  were  long 
in  penetrating  to  the  points  he  had  reached 
and  mapped.  Had  he  lived,  public  recognition 
of  his  services  to  his  generation  and  to  science 
would  not  have  been  long  in  forthcoming 
from  this  side.  As  it  is  we  can  only  think  of 
what  might  have  been. 


C  64  3 


Dr.  Henry  van  Dyke ,  whose  close  friendship 
Mr.  Butler  treasured ,  read  these  lines: 

DR.  VAN  DYKE 

HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER:  EXPLORER  AND  TEACHER 
Passed  Onward,  August  13,  1922 

Who  hath  entered  into  the  peace  of  wisdom; 

And  to  whom  hath  the  gladness  of  understanding 
been  revealed  ? 

A  man  whose  eyes  were  cleared  by  love  and 
sorrow, 

And  whose  feet  forsook  not  the  path  of  duty; 

A  man  who  travelled  the  world  as  one  going  a 
journey, 

Yet  daily  he  found  and  shared  good  cheer  by  the 
way. 

To  him  it  was  given  to  serve  both  truth  and 
beauty, 

And  in  his  flesh  he  was  obedient  to  the  Spirit: 

Therefore  the  passing  forms  of  time  did  not 
deceive  him, 

For  his  heart  was  fixed,  trusting  in  the  Eternal. 

To  him  the  ages  paSt  were  a  book  of  wondrous 
knowledge, 

And  he  applied  himself  diligently  to  learn  their 
secrets: 

In  the  duSl  of  buried  cities  he  discovered  treasure, 

And  from  graven  atones,  long  forgotten,  he  read 
the  ^tory  of  man. 


[  ] 


The  desert  and  the  solitary  place  had  no  terror 
for  him, 

Among  the  children  of  wild  tribes  he  was  welcome 
and  beloved; 

For  he  was  a  good  captain,  following  his  Master, 

And  the  greatness  of  his  learning  made  him  kind 
to  men. 

Gentle  was  his  speech,  yet  clear  as  crystal; 

The  lightness  of  his  touch  was  a  sign  of  strength. 

In  the  companies  of  the  young  he  was  a  wise  and 
pleasant  comrade, 

And  to  the  councils  of  the  elders  he  brought  a 
friendly  joy; 

For  his  way  was  not  after  the  manners  of  the 
heathen, 

But  his  presence  spoke  of  honor  and  good  will. 

In  a  far  city  he  came  to  the  end  of  his  journey, 

Alone  but  not  afraid,  for  his  Dearest  Friend  was 
near. 

So  he  entered  the  valley  of  the  shadow  without 
trembling, 

And  when  the  dark  gate  opened  it  was  a  door  of 
gold. 

Verily  the  work  of  his  hands  is  established, 

And  the  beauty  of  the  Lord  is  upon  it. 

By  the  towers  of  Princeton  we  shall  see  him  no 
more, 

But  in  a  city  that  hath  foundations 

Whose  builder  and  maker  is  God. 

C  66  3 


The  next  speaker  was  Captain  Robert  O’ Connor, 
who  delivered  a  memorial  on  behalj  of  present 
and  former  Undents  of  the  Graduate  College: 

CAPTAIN  O’CONNOR 

IN  the  death  of  Howard  Crosby  Butler  the 
students  in  the  Graduate  College  have  suf¬ 
fered  a  loss  which  we  have  come  to  feel  with 
increasing  poignancy  as  time  passes.  An  in¬ 
spiring  scholar,  who  made  us  realize  the 
beauty  andjoy  of  learning,  as  well  as  its  value, 
who  never  ceased  to  hold  up  before  us  all  by 
his  own  example  and  friendly  counsel  the 
standard  of  absolute  intellectual  integrity;  a 
sure  and  forceful  director,  who  showed  us 
that  confident  repose  and  suavity  of  manner 
are  true  signs  of  certainty  of  purpose,  he 
Stood  among  us  an  example  of  learning,  pro¬ 
found  yet  not  narrow,  a  world  authority  in 
his  own  field,  with  interest  in  all.  Yet  it  was 
to  our  friend  that  in  our  mot  anxious  mo¬ 
ments  we  carried  our  troubles,  scholastic,  so¬ 
cial  or  personal,  sure  of  his  unerring  under¬ 
standing  of  his  human  nature,  of  his  ready 
sympathy,  of  advice  judicious,  unselfish,  and 
complete.  Possessed  of  a  fund  of  humour,  he 
was  always  ready  to  add  to  its  Store  and  his 
hearers  were  richer  from  his  experience.  To 
share  his  friendship  was  a  privilege  we  all  cov- 

[  67  3 


eted  and  prized.  His  death  has  robbed  us  of 
our  priceless  possession.  No  longer  do  we  climb 
the  Staircase  to  the  Master’s  rooms.  The  friend¬ 
ly  light  in  the  tower  which  seemed  to  burn  for 
us,  is  gone  out. 

The  Memorial  was  signed  by  a  Representative 
Committee  consisting  of: 

A.  M.  FRIEND,  HARALD  INGHOLT,  CHARLES  P. 
JOHNSON,  S.  LAWRENCE  LEVENGOOD,  ROBERT  B. 
O  CONNOR,  W.  FREDERICK  STOHLMAN,  LOUIS  A. 
TURNER,  S.L.  WRIGHT,  JR.,  AND  JOHN  A.  WYETH. 


[  68  ] 


Presenting  the  lad  speaker  President  Hibben 
said: 

“In  our  family  group  in  Princeton  the  one 
who  £tood  nearest  to  Howard  Butler,  who  en¬ 
joyed  the  mo£t  intimate  relations  with  him 
not  only  here  in  the  Graduate  College  but  in 
the  days  of  the  beginnings  of  this  great  enter¬ 
prise  and  merit,  is  Dean  We£t,  and  our  service 
this  afternoon  will  be  concluded  by  him.” 

DEAN  WEST 

IT  is  nine  years  within  one  day  since  this 
household  of  knowledge  was  dedicated 
publicly,  with  ceremonies  of  dignity  and 
beauty,  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  advance¬ 
ment  of  knowledge.  Autumn  feelings  in  any 
year  after  a  golden  Summer  are  apt  to  be 
tinged  with  some  hues  of  sadness,  and  even 
more  is  this  the  case  today  when  we  think  of 
the  high  spirit  and  purpose  with  which  Pro¬ 
fessor  Butler  nine  years  ago  entered  upon  the 
life  of  this  Graduate  College.  His  presence, 
his  memory,  his  spirit  pervade  it,  and  I  tru^l 
will  pervade  it  forever;  for  to  him  in  large 
part  is  due  the  controlling  impulse  which 
guides  its  life. 

The  theory  that  the  workman  is  greater 
than  his  work,  that  it  is  a  greater  thing  to  be 

[  69  3 


a  man  than  it  is  to  be  a  scholar  and  greater 
than  all  to  be  both  a  man  and  a  scholar; — 
that  was  his  high  thought,  the  great  example 
of  his  life  and  of  all  that  he  was  and  did. 

I  cannot  truSt  myself  to  speak  intimately 
of  all  his  associations  with  the  Graduate  Col¬ 
lege;  for  never  have  I  known  such  unaffected 
grief  of  the  deepest  sort  on  the  part  of  students 
for  any  teacher;  and  this  is  the  tribute  of  trib¬ 
utes.  His  collected  works  are  not  only  his  pub¬ 
lications  on  the  Syrian  Desert  and  the  an¬ 
cient  royal  city  of  Sardis,  but  this  group  of 
devoted  students  who  cherish  and  enshrine 
his  memory.  He  was  a  wonderful  man  in  many 
ways.  As  a  teacher  he  had  a  sort  of  divination 
which  enabled  him  to  perceive  almost  in  an 
inCtant  the  beCt  in  any  man’s  mind  and  to 
quicken  it  to  a  degree  the  student  himself  had 
believed  almost  impossible.  He  raised  the  ef¬ 
forts  of  many  from  the  mediocre  and  com¬ 
monplace  levels  to  the  highest  peak  of  achieve¬ 
ment.  He  literally  saved  men.  I  do  not  know 
how  he  did  it,  but  it  was  the  art  of  divination, 
the  art  of  the  miner  who  deteCls  gold,  the  art 
of  the  lover  which  intuitively  finds  the  objeCt 
of  affeCtion. 

As  a  professor  of  architecture  he  was  a  mas¬ 
ter  in  architecture.  Other  men  have  been  mas¬ 
ters  in  architecture,  great  masters  in  that 
Study,- — but  he  was  more.  He  transcended 

C  70  ] 


his  subject.  He  was  much  larger  than  his  sub- 
je6t.  He  saw  it  emerge  from  the  vaSt  histori¬ 
cal  background  as  a  part  of  human  knowl¬ 
edge  and  Stand  clearly  in  its  place  in  the 
panorama  of  civilized  achievement. 

As  an  explorer  he  had  an  inborn  ability  to 
read  the  Oriental  mind.  He  had  candor  com¬ 
bined  with  subtle  skill,  and  though  sensitive, 
he  was  always  calm.  He  did  not  know  what 
fear  was.  It  was  not  mere  confidence  with  him. 
It  was  unconsciousness  of  fear.  Difficulties 
never  discouraged  him.  There  was  a  fine,  Steel¬ 
like  endurance  beneath  that  gentle,  friendly 
exterior  which  deceived  many  persons  at  fir£t 
sight  and  which  enabled  him  to  deal  with  sure 
skill  with  the  desert  tribes,  which  took  him  to 
cure  the  wounded  chieftain,  which  ventured 
safely  on  daring  excursions,  which  took  him 
without  weapons  to  quell  disturbances  among 
Turks,  Armenians,  and  Greeks.  It  was  a  won¬ 
derful  power.  He  knew  the  Eastern  mind,  and 
how  he  knew  it  is  beyond  me  to  say.  It  was  a 
gift  of  genius.  If  we  were  to  ask  for  a  motto 
for  his  life,  I  think  the  saying  of  an  old  Italian 
scholar  would  be  moSt  fitting.  It  was:  “I  go  to 
wake  the  dead.”  Professor  Butler  did  wake  the 
dead, — dead  impulses  in  Students  to  newness 
of  life,  dead  cities  of  the  Orient  rising  again 
under  his  magical  touch.  It  was  the  life  in¬ 
spiring,  the  life  arousing,  the  life  elevating.  It 

[  7i  ] 


was  more ;  it  was  a  gentle  self-effacing  influence. 
And  with  it  all  no  thought  of  reference  to  him¬ 
self;  never  a  word  of  praise  for  himself,  always 
praising  others.  He  was  one  of  those  men,  per¬ 
haps  too  rare,  who  are  ever  Strict  with  them¬ 
selves  and  ever  charitable  toward  others.  It 
was  the  secret  of  his  life.  He  was  thoughtful 
and  practical,  resolute  and  taCtful,  delicate 
and  Strong,  a  marvelous  combination  of  seem¬ 
ingly  contradictory  things.  And  above  all,  he 
“wore  the  white  flower  of  a  blameless  life.” 

Of  his  life  here  at  Princeton  I  cannot  say 
much  now  except  to  recall  the  winter  eve¬ 
nings  when  he  would  steal  over  from  the  tower 
to  the  house  nearby  and  we  would  sit  by  the 
bright  fire  and  talk  over  the  events  of  the 
day  here  or  of  his  days  in  Sardis,  or  in  the 
rocky  Syrian  Desert,  or  in  the  borders  of 
Arabia.  Story  after  Story  he  painted,  roman¬ 
tic,  pictorial,  alluring, — so  that  you  wanted  to 
leave  everything  else  and  follow  him  to  the 
end  of  the  world  and  waken  the  dead  civili¬ 
zations  to  a  new  life. 

And  although  he  has  gone,  instead  of  a  note 
of  sadness  there  is  a  note  of  comfort.  He  lived 
a  life  of  faith.  He  was  a  Christian  man.  And  as 
I  muse  on  his  life,  ended  here,  I  can  think  of 
nothing  in  all  classical  literature  which  so  close¬ 
ly  approaches  the  Christian  spirit  and  so  truly 
images  our  pureSt  hopes  about  him  as  the 

C  72  3 


lovely  line  of  Theocritus  about  the  child  asleep 
in  the  cradle:  “Ble£t  be  your  slumber;  more 
ble&  your  waking  in  the  morning.” 


C  73  3 


'These  verses from  the  Hymn  “For  all  the  Saints,” 
were  sung: 

For  all  the  saints  who  from  their  labors  re£t, 

Who  Thee  by  faith  before  the  world  confessed, 
Thy  name,  O  Jesus,  be  forever  ble^t.  Alleluia! 

Thou  wa^fc  their  rock,  their  fortress,  and  their 
might; 

Thou,  Lord,  their  Captain,  in  the  well-fought 
fight; 

Thou,  in  the  darkness  drear,  their  one  true  Light. 

Alleluia! 

O  may  Thy  soldiers,  faithful,  true  and  bold, 

Fight  as  the  saints  who  nobly  fought  of  old, 

And  win  with  them  the  vigor’s  crown  of  gold. 

Alleluia! 

The  golden  evening  brightens  in  the  we£t; 

Soon,  soon  to  faithful  warriors  cometh  re^t; 

Sweet  is  the  calm  of  Paradise  the  ble£t.  Alleluia! 

But  lo,  there  breaks  a  yet  more  glorious  day; 

The  saints  triumphant  rise  in  bright  array; 

The  King  of  Glory  passes  on  his  way.  Alleluia! 

From  earth’s  wide  bounds,  from  ocean’s  farthest 
coa£t, 

Through  gates  of  pearl  streams  in  the  countless 
ho£t, 

Singing  to  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Gho£L  Alleluia! 

Amen. 


[  74  3 


The  Scriptural  Benediction  from  the  third  chap¬ 
ter  of  the  EpiCtle  to  the  Ephesians  was  pro¬ 
nounced  by  Bishop  Matthews : 

BISHOP  MATTHEWS 

ALMIGHTY  GOD,  the  Father  ofourLord 
Jesus  Christ,  of  whom  the  whole  family  in 
heaven  and  earth  is  named,  grant  you,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  riches  of  His  glory,  to  be  strengthen¬ 
ed  with  might  by  His  Spirit  in  the  inner  man; 
that  Christ  may  dwell  in  your  hearts  by  faith; 
that  ye,  being  rooted  and  grounded  in  love, 
may  be  able  to  comprehend  with  all  saints 
what  is  the  breadth,  and  length,  and  depth,  and 
height;  and  to  know  the  love  of  Christ,  which 
passeth  knowledge,  that  ye  may  be  filled  with 
all  the  fullness  of  God.  Now  unto  Him  that  is 
able  to  do  exceeding  abundantly  above  all  that 
we  ask  or  think,  according  to  the  power  that 
worketh  in  us,untoHimbegloryin  the  church 
by  Christ  Jesus  throughout  all  ages,  world 
without  end.  Amen. 


[  75  3 


THE  Organ  PoStlude,Bach’s“Blessed  Sav¬ 
ior,  We  Attend,”  which  with  the  Prelude 
was  especially  loved  by  Mr.  Butler,  was  played 
by  Dr.  Russell,  the  audience  remaining  stand¬ 
ing.  The  Academic  Procession  then  filed  out. 

The  ushers  at  the  Service  were  resident  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Graduate  College  who  had  been 
particularly  intimate  with  Professor  Butler: 
Messrs.  Paul  M.  Cuncannon,  Bateman  Ed¬ 
wards,  Thomas  H.  English,  Albert  M.  Friend, 
Howard  S.  Leach,  S.  Lawrence  Levengood, 
E.  Ritzema  Perry,  Richard  Stillwell,  W.  Fred¬ 
erick  Stohlman,  Louis  A.  Turner,  and  John  A. 
Wyeth. 


C  76  3 


IN  PROCTER  HALL 


AFTER  THE  SERVICE  IN  MEMORY  OF  HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER 
SYDNEY  L.  WRIGHT  JR. 

Honor  the  dead !  Can  any  word  of  ours 
Add  honor  to  his  life  ?  The  organ  sang, 

The  bow  passed  gently  over  thrilling  chords, 

And  scholars  robed  in  honors  earned,  arose 
To  speak  from  hearts  whose  wisdom  taught  the 
depth  of  loss. 

Calmness  and  Strength!  Learning  and 
Gentleness! 

The  life  he  led,  Another  taught  before, 

Who  greets  him  now;  while  we,  who  mourn  his 
loss, 

Have  joy  that  we  have  felt  the  calm  repose 
That  speaks  a  steadfast  purpose  and  well  ordered 
mind. 

Catching  a  gleam  of  beauty  from  the  sun, 

The  pictured  panes,  resplendent,  showed  the 
Christ 

Amidst  disciple  lights,  the  Arts  and  Sciences, 
Whose  glowing  figures  seemed  a  solemn  pledge: 
“We,  whom  he  truly  served  will,  keep  his 
memory  bright.” 

And  growing  brilliance  clothed  the  Hall  with 
gentle  light. 


[  77  ] 


MINUTE  OF  THE  ORIENTAL  CLUB 
OF  PHILADELPHIA 

Adopted  November  9,  1922 

Just  three  months  ago  Howard  Crosby  But¬ 
ler,  member  of  this  club,  arrived  in  Paris  on  his 
way  home  from  Sardis,  alone,  and  weak  with 
malarial  fever.  Two  days  later  he  was  removed 
from  his  hotel  to  the  American  hospital  at  Neuil- 
ly,  where  he  died  of  heart  disease  on  the  13th  of 
August.  By  his  death,  at  fifty,  in  the  prime  of  his 
career,  this  Club  has  loSt  a  valued  member, 
Princeton  University  a  remarkably  able  teacher, 
lecturer,  and  scholar,  and  American  architecture 
and  American  archaeology  one  of  their  mod  con¬ 
structive  contributors. 

The  record  of  Mr.  Butler’s  life  is  a  record  of 
consistent,  and  often  brilliant,  achievement.  He 
was  born  at  Croton  Falls,  WeStcheSfer  County, 
New  York,  on  the  7th  of  March,  1872.  After 
preparation  at  Lyon’s  Collegiate  Institute  and 
the  Berkeley  School  in  the  city  of  New  York,  he 
entered  the  sophomore  class  at  Princeton,  where 
he  graduated  in  1892  with  the  degree  of  A.B. 
His  graduate  Study  included  work  at  Princeton 
University,  where  he  received  his  A.M.  degree 
and  was  university  fellow  in  archaeology;  at  the 
School  of  Architecture  in  Columbia  University, 
where  he  was  greatly  influenced  by  Professor 
Ware;  at  the  American  School  of  Classical  Studies 

[  78  3 


in  Rome,  where  he  held  a  fellowship;  and  at  the 
American  School  of  Classical  Studies  in  Athens. 

Upon  his  return  from  Greece  Mr.  Butler  was 
appointed  lecturer  on  architecture  in  Princeton 
University;  in  1905  he  became  professor  of  art 
and  archaeology;  in  1919  his  title  was  changed  to 
that  of  professor  of  the  history  of  architecture;  in 
1920  he  was  made  director  of  the  School  of  Archi¬ 
tecture,  for  the  organization  of  which  he  was 
largely  responsible.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute  of  America,  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  Architectural  Ueague, 
American  Oriental  Society,  Society  for  the  Pro¬ 
motion  of  Hellenic  Studies,  Society  for  the  Pro¬ 
motion  of  Roman  Studies,  American  Geograph¬ 
ical  Society,  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  and  the  Oriental  Club  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  particularly  aCtive  in  the  Archaeological 
Institute,  which  he  has  served  as  president  of  the 
New  Jersey  Society,  as  a  member  of  the  Council, 
and  on  various  committees.  In  1921  he  was 
chosen  as  chairman  of  the  Research  Commission 
to  coordinate  the  activities  of  the  Institute  in  the 
work  of  exploration  and  excavation  for  many 
years  to  come.  In  1910  he  was  awarded  the  Drexel 
Gold  Medal  for  his  archaeological  achievements. 

But  Mr.  Butler’s  career  was  not  spent  entirely 
within  academic  walls.  His  life  was  rich  and  full, 
and  included  travel,  exploration,  and  even  ad¬ 
venture.  His  interest  in  Syrian  archaeology  had 
early  been  aroused  by  the  writings  of  his  friend, 
Comte  Melchior  de  Vogue,  and  in  1899-1900  Mr. 
Butler  organized  the  American  Archaeological 

n  79  ] 


Expedition  to  Syria,  which  added  extensively  to 
the  material  gathered  by  the  earlier  explorer.  In 
1904-1905  and  1909  he  returned  to  Syria  as 
director  of  the  Princeton  Expeditions.  The  re¬ 
sults  of  all  these  expeditions  are  contained,  for 
the  modi  part,  in  the  Publications  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria,  to  which 
Mr.  Butler  contributed  part  ii,  ‘Architecture  and 
Other  Arts,’  in  the  Publications  of  the  Princeton 
Expeditions  to  Syria,  to  which  he  contributed 
division  ii,  ‘Architecture;’  and  in  numerous  re¬ 
ports  read  before  the  Archaeological  Institute 
and  published  in  the  American  Journal  of  Arch¬ 
aeology. 

The  successful  organization  and  direction  of 
these  expeditions  required  many  and  various 
qualities.  Mr.  Butler  raised  the  funds,  selected  his 
associates,  led  them  in  person,  and  made  his  own 
photographs,  drawings  and  cadis.  Those  who 
have  accompanied  him  to  the  Eadl  have  been 
much  impressed  by  his  skill  in  handling  men  and 
by  his  personal  courage.  Professor  Allan  Mar- 
quand  tells  of  his  braving  the  Bedouins  of  the 
Syrian  desert  unsupported  by  the  guards  that 
are  usually  considered  necessary,  and  of  an  up¬ 
rising  among  the  natives  at  Sardis,  when  all  the 
others  ran  to  their  quarters  for  guns  or  pidlols 
and  Mr.  Butler,  unassidled  and  armed  only  with 
a  bamboo  cane,  quelled  the  insurrection. 

In  1910  Mr.  Butler  organized  the  American 
Society  for  the  Excavation  of  Sardis,  and  he  has 
directed  the  excavations  that  have  so  far  been 
made.  The  war  put  a  dlop  to  the  work  between 

[  80  ] 


1914  and  1922,  but  it  was  renewed  laSt  spring. 
The  publication  of  the  results  of  these  excava¬ 
tions  will  fill  seventeen  volumes  and  cover  archi¬ 
tecture,  sculpture,  inscriptions,  pottery,  coins, 
jewelry,  etc.  Mr.  Butler’s  firSt  volume,  giving  an 
account,  under  the  title  ‘Sardis,’  of  the  excava¬ 
tions  between  1910  and  1914,  has  recently  ap¬ 
peared,  being  vol.  i,  part  i  (1922)  of  the  Publica¬ 
tions  of  the  American  Society  for  the  Excavation 
of  Sardis.  And  the  second  volume,  on  the  Temple 
of  Artemis,  is,  fortunately,  in  the  stage  of  paged 

In  addition  to  those  mentioned,  the  publica¬ 
tions  of  Mr.  Butler  include  two  semi-popular 
works,  ‘Scotland’s  Ruined  Abbeys’  (1900)  and 
the  ‘Story  of  Athens’  (1902),  both  illustrated 
with  his  own  sketches.  He  has  contributed  fre¬ 
quent  articles  and  reports  to  the  American  Jour¬ 
nal  of  Archaeology,  Revue  Archeologique,  Amer¬ 
ican  Architect,  Architecture  and  Building,  and 
many  other  j  ournals. 

Mr.  Butler  was  a  man  of  inherited  refinement 
and  of  profoundly  wide  culture,  well  poised  and 
reserved,  but  always  courteous,  amiable,  and 
sympathetic.  He  will  be  mot  missed  at  Prince¬ 
ton,  where  his  personality  was  beSt  known.  He 
touched  so  many  phases  of  university  life.  As 
Master  in  Residence  at  the  Graduate  College  he 
was  the  guide  and  inspiration  of  advanced  stu¬ 
dents  in  all  branches  of  humanistic  study.  As  a 
faculty  adviser  he  was  the  helpful  friend  of  many 
undergraduates.  He  organized  almoSt  single- 
handed  the  new  School  of  Architecture,  and  se- 

[  81  ] 


cured  the  funds  for  the  fine  building  that  is  to 
house  it.  He  taught  with  brilliant  success  large 
classes  of  students.  His  papers  and  addresses 
were  a  constant  stimulus  to  the  intellectual  life 
of  the  institution. 

On  the  2iSt  of  October  a  service  in  memory  of 
Mr.  Butler  was  held  in  Procter  Hall  of  the  Prince¬ 
ton  Graduate  College.  Tributes  were  read  by 
President  John  Grier  Hibben,  Professor  Henry 
Fairfield  Osborn,  Dr.  Edward  Robinson,  Profes¬ 
sor  Allan  Marquand,  Dr.  David  G.  Hogarth, 
Professor  Henry  van  Dyke,  and  Dean  Andrew  F. 
VYeSt.  These  tributes  will  shortly  be  published  in 
book  form,  together  with  a  memoir  and  a  com¬ 
plete  bibliography  of  Mr.  Butler’s  writings.  Dr. 
Robinson  has  announced  that  a  room  in  the  Met¬ 
ropolitan  Museum  will  be  set  aside,  to  be  known 
as  the  Sardis  room,  in  which  some  of  Mr.  Butler’s 
discoveries  will  be  placed,  thus  establishing  a  per¬ 
petual  monument  to  his  memory. 


C  82  ] 


MESSAGE  OF  HALIL  EDHEM  BEY 

DIRECTOR  OF  THE  IMPERIAL  OTTOMAN 

MUSEUM 

UNITED  STATES  HIGH  COMMISSION 
American  Embassy  Constantinople 

November  io,  1922. 

President  John  Grier  Hibben, 

Princeton  University, 

Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Sir: 

The  Director  of  the  Imperial  Museum  at  Con¬ 
stantinople,  Halil  Edhem  Bey,  has  asked  me  to 
convey  to  you,  and  through  you  to  Princeton 
University,  his  very  deep  sympathy  at  the  loss 
which  has  been  sustained  in  the  death  of  Profes¬ 
sor  H.  C.  Butler.  Halil  Bey  adds  that  not  only  is 
this  an  irreparable  loss  from  the  point  of  view  of 
the  science  to  which  Professor  Butler  made  so 
many  and  such  important  contributions,  but  for 
those  who  knew  him  and  were  associated  with 
him  there  is  also  a  profound  sense  of  personal 
sorrow. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
Mark  L.  Bristol 

UNITED  STATES  HIGH  COMMISSIONER 
REAR-ADMIRAL  UNITED  STATES  NAVY 

C  83  3 


1 


LINES  IN  MEMORY  OF 
HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER 


EDWARD  STEESE 

We  shall  not  hear  his  voice,  nor  touch  his  hand, 
See  wisdom  face  to  face,  nor  quiet  mirth 
Shall  share  with  him,  nor  music,  nor  things 
planned 

Enjoy  as  if  fulfilled.  There  is  a  dearth 
Come  to  our  lives,  who  knew  him.  He  is  dead. 
We  cannot  tell  of  him  as  should  be  told, 

Nor  reproduce  his  spirit.  He  is  dead. 

Sorrow  our  hearts  doth  hold. 

Friends  .  .  .  those  who  knew  him,  all, 

Lower  the  simple  pall, 

And  bow  the  head. 

He  would  not  have  us  mourn,  but  gently  miss 
His  kindliness,  and  if  his  soul  has  shone 
To  light  our  hearts  with  courage  of  the  dawn, 
He  would  have  gladly  smiled.  But  now  that  too 
has  gone. 

One  hope  of  understanding,  less; 

One  ray  of  simple  gentleness; 

One  guiding  hand  with  genius  in  its  touch 
Has  passed. 


[  84  3 


This  man  was  such 
In  spirit  that  he  gave, 

Nor  would  he  bend  to  save 
Himself  for  others. 

Modest  his  name,  but  great 
The  love  we  bore  him.  Rather  would  he  be  known 
As  friend  than  as  the  master. 

Now  abate 

Your  grief  awhile,  for  this  sweet  life  has  sown 
In  our  remembering  hearts  a  constancy 
Of  hope  and  wisdom,  and  an  eager  breath 
That  shall  not  fail.  Pay  the  earth’s  obsequies. 

His  soul  borne  in  our  hearts  shall  not  know  death. 


[  85  ] 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE 
ARCHAEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE 
OF  AMERICA 

Adopted  December  27,  1922 

RESOLVED:  that  the  Archaeological  Institute 
of  America  hereby  records  its  profound  sorrow  at 
the  untimely  death  of  Professor  Howard  Crosby 
Butler  of  Princeton  University,  Chairman  of  the 
recently  created  Research  Commission  of  the  In¬ 
stitute. 

His  organizing  power,  continuous  energy,  in¬ 
trepid  courage  and  quick  insight  were  combined 
with  a  rare  personal  attractiveness  and  marked 
him  as  a  born  leader.  During  the  laSt  twenty 
years  the  successive  expeditions  planned  and  con¬ 
ducted  by  him  for  exploration  in  the  Syrian  Des¬ 
ert  and  for  the  excavation  of  Ancient  Sardis  have 
greatly  extended  and  enriched  modern  knowledge 
of  older  civilizations  in  the  Near  EaSt,  and  with 
his  exceptional  achievements  as  a  Stimulating 
teacher  and  authoritative  writer  give  him  a  place 
among  the  foremoSt  archaeologies  of  our  time. 


[  86  ] 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF 
HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER 


HOWARD  SEAYOY  LEACH 

BOOKS  AND  PAMPHLETS 

Scotland’s  ruined  abbeys.  New  York,  The  Mac¬ 
millan  Company,  1899.  xx,  287  p. 

A  Mosaic  pavement  and  inscription  from  the 
bath  at  Serdjilla  (Central  Syria).  Paris,  Le- 
roux,  1901,  8  p.  (reprinted  from  Revue  Arche  - 
ologique ,  Series  3,  v.  39.  p.  62-68). 

The  ^tory  of  Athens;  a  record  of  the  life  and  art 
of  the  city  of  the  violet  crown  read  in  its  ruins 
and  in  the  lives  of  great  Athenians.  New  York, 
The  Century  Co.,  1902.  ix,  532  p. 

Architecture  and  other  arts.  (Publications  of  an 
American  Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria 
in  1899-1900,  Part  11.)  New  York,  The  Cen- 
tury  Co.,  T903.  xxv,  433  p. 

Catalogue  of  ca£ls  made  by  the  American  Archae¬ 
ological  Expedition  to  Syria  in  1 899-1900. 5p. 

Catalogue  of  photographs  taken  by  an  American 
Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria  in  1899- 
1900.  17  p. 

Catalogue  of  photographs  taken  by  the  Prince¬ 
ton  Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria,  n.d. 

33  P- 


C  87  ] 


Explorations  at  Sic  (Princeton  Expedition  to 
Syria)  .  .  .  with  EnnoLittmann.  Paris,  Leroux, 
1905.  up.  (reprinted  from  Revue  Archeologi- 
que ,  series  4,  v.  5,  1905.  p.  404-412.) 

TheTychaionatls-Sanamen  and  the  plan  of  early 
churches  in  Syria.  Paris,  Leroux,  1906.  up. 
(reprinted  from  Revue  Archeologique ,  series  4, 
v.  8, 1906.  p.413-423.) 

Ancient  architecture  in  Syria.  Leyden,  E.  J. 
Brill,  1907.  (Publications  of  the  Princeton 
University  Archaeological  Expedition  to  Syria 
in  1904-1905  and  1909.  Division  11.) 

The  Temple  of  Dushara,  at  Sic  in  the  Hauran. 
In  Florilegium ;  ou  Recueil  de  travaux  d* erudi¬ 
tion  dedies  a  Monsieur  le  marquis  Melchior  de 
Vogue  a  F occasion  du  quatre-vingtieme  anni- 
versaire  de  sa  naissance  18  Otdobre  1909.  Paris. 
Imprimerie  Nationale.  1909.  p.  79-91. 

Statement  of  the  requirements  necessary  to  the 
development  of  a  School  of  Architecture  in 
Princeton  University.  October  2, 1916.  [Prince¬ 
ton  University  Press,  1916],  13  p.  Resume  in 
The  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  39,  no.  16,  October 
28,  1916.  p.  1,  4. 

Sardis:  The  excavations,  1910-1914  (Publications 
of  the  American  Society  for  the  Excavation  of 
Sardis,  v.  1,  pt.  1),  Leyden,  E.  J.  Brill,  1922. 
xi,  213  p. 

Architecture,  Part  1.  The  Temple  of  Artemis 
(Publications  of  the  American  Society  for  the 
Excavation  of  Sardis)  v.  2,  pt.  1.  In  press. 

C  88  3 


Co-editor:  Princeton  University  Bulletin,  v.  14- 
15,  1902-1904. 

Editor:  American  Archaeological  Expedition  to 
Syria  in  1899-1900.  Publications.  New  York, 
The  Century  Co.,  1903-1914,  pts.  1-4,  6  (pt. 
5  not  published). 

Editor:  Princeton  University  Archaeological  Ex¬ 
pedition  to  Syria  in  1904-5  and  1909.  Publi¬ 
cations.  Leyden,  E.  J.  Brill,  1907-1922. 

Division  II.  Architecture. 

Section  A.  Southern  Syria. 

Pt.  1.  Ammonitis. 

2.  Southern  Hauran. 

3.  Umm  idj-Djimal. 

4.  Bosra. 

5.  Djebel  Hauran  and  Hauran  Plain. 

6.  Sic. 

7.  Ledja. 

Section  B.  Northern  Syria. 

Pt.  1.  The  cAla  and  Kasr  Ibn  Wardan. 

2.  Anderin-Kerratin-  Macrata. 

3.  Djebel  Riha. 

4.  Djebel  Barisha. 

5.  Djebel  Halakah. 

6.  Djebel  Simcan. 

Division  III.  Greek  and  Latin  inscriptions. 
Section  A.  Southern  Syria. 

Pts.  1-7  (with  titles  the  same  as 
Division  II). 


Northern  Syria. 

Pts.  1-6  (with  titles  the  same  as 
Division  II). 

Division  IV.  Semitic  Inscriptions. 

Sebtion  A.  Nabataean  inscriptions. 

[Division  I  and  other  volumes  in  Division  IV 
not  yet  published.] 

Editor:  American  Society  for  the  Excavation  of 
Sardis.  Publications.  Leyden,  E.  J.  Brill, 
1916-1922.  v.  1,  pt.  1;  v.  2,  pt.  1;  v.  6,  pt.  i; 
v.  9,  pt.  1. 

Contributing  Editor:  Art  and  Archaeology ,  1916- 
1922. 


L  9°  ] 


ARTICLES 

Some  old  newspaper  clippings.  The  Nassau  Liter¬ 
ary  Magazine ,  v.  46,  1891.  p.  498-502. 

Historic  architecture  in  Normandie.  Architecture 
and  Building ,  August  31,  1895.  P*  99_iO!; 
September  7,  1895.  P-  III_II5- 

Some  of  Scotland’s  ruined  Abbeys.  Architecture 
and  Building ,  October  5,  1895.  P*  1 64— 1 66; 
October  19,  1895.  P*  1 85—1 89 ;  November  16, 
1 895 *  P-  233-235 j  January  1,  1898.  p.  3-6; 
April  2,  1898.  p.  1 15— 1 17 ;  April  16,  1898.  p. 
132-133;  November  19,  1898.  p.  163-16^.  (To 
be  continued  but  none  found). 

“The  series  of  college  histories  of  art;  ed.  by  J.  C. 
Van  Dyke:”  [review.]  Princeton  College  Bul¬ 
letin, ,  v.  8,  1896,  p.  1 03-105. 

Report  of  an  American  Archaeological  Expedi¬ 
tion  in  Syria  1899-1900.  American  Journal  of 
Archaeology ,  Second  series ,  v.  4,  1900.  p.  415- 
440. 

A  mosaic  pavement  and  inscription  from  the 
bath  at  Serdjilla  (Central  Syria). Revue  Arche- 
ologique ,  Series  3,  v.  39,  1901.  p.  62-68. 
Abstract  in:  American  Journal  of  Archaeology , 
Second  series ,  v.  6, 1902.  p.  62. 

The  Roman  aqueducts  as  monuments  of  archi¬ 
tecture.  American  Journal  of  Archaeology . 
Second  series ,  v.  5,  1901.  p.  175-199. 

Sculpture  in  Northern  Central  Syria;  a  brief  de¬ 
scription  of  a  number  of  monuments  found  by 
the  American  Archaeological  Expedition  to 

C  91  3 


Syria  in  1899-1900.  Princeton  University  Bul¬ 
letin  ,  v.  13,  1902.  p.  33-40. 

Also  in :  Scientific  American  Supplement ,  v. 
54,  1902.  p. 22244-22246. 

AbStrad  in:  American  Journal  of  Archaeology , 
Second  series ,  v.  5,  1901.  p.  5-6. 

Five  unpublished  churches  of  the  find  quarter  of 
the  fifth  century  in  Northern  Central  Syria. 
American  Journal  of  Archaeology ,  Second  se¬ 
ries ,  v.  7,  1903.  p.  98-99.  [AbStrad.] 

General  meeting  of  the  archaeologists  in  Prince¬ 
ton.  Princeton  University  Bulletin ,  v.  14,  1903. 
P-  37-41- 

A  land  of  deserted  cities.  Century  Magazine ,  v.  66, 
1903.  p.  217-227. 

Pen  and  ink  drawing  representing  a  part  of  a 
wall  of  the  ruined  Abbey  of  Dundrinnon  in 
Scotland;  illustration  used  in  “The  Proposed 
Graduate  College  of  Princeton  University.” 
Princeton,  1903. 

Adventures  and  important  discoveries  of  the 
Princeton  Expedition  to  Syria;  [letters  from 
Mr.  Butler].  Princeton  Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  5? 

I9°5*  P-  3OI_ 3°5* 

Preliminary  report  of  the  Princeton  University 
Expedition  to  Syria.  American  Journal  of 
Archaeology ,  Second  series ,  v.  9,  1905.  p.  389— 
400. 

Princeton:  a  typical  American  university  town 
and  its  beautiful  architedure.  Indoors  and 


C  92  3 


Out ;  a  monthly  magazine ,  v.  I,  1905.  p.  103- 
120. 

The  Princeton  Expedition  to  Syria;  [interview.] 
Princeton  Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  6,  1905.  p.  85- 
87, 107-109. 

Explorations  at  Sic  (Princeton  Expedition  to 
Syria)  .  .  .  with  Enno  Littmann.  Revue  Ar- 
cheologique ,  Series,  4,  v.  5,  1905.  P-  404-412. 
Abstract  in:  American  Journal  of  Archaeology , 
Second  series ,  v.  9, 1905.  p.  343. 

The  Tychaion  at  Is-Sanamen  and  the  plan  of 
early  Churches  in  Syria.  Revue  Arche ologique , 
Series  4,  v.  8,  1906.  p.  413-423. 

Abstract  in:  American  Journal  of  Archaeology , 
Second  series ,  v.  10,  1906.  p.  80-81. 

The  Dome  in  the  architecture  of  Syria;  [abstract.] 
American  Journal  of  Archaeology ,  Second  se¬ 
ries ,  v.  11,1907^.58-59. 

tion  to  Syria.  American  Philosophical  Society. 
Proceedings,  v.  46,  1907.  p.  182-186.  Reprint¬ 
ed,  1907. 

Professor  Butler  returns.  [Interview  reporting 
upon  the  1909  Princeton  Archaeological  Ex¬ 
pedition  to  Syria.]  Phe  P)aily  Princetonian ,  v. 
34,  extra,  June  12,  1909.  p.  7. 

The  Roman  fortresses  in  the  provinces  of  Syria 
and  Arabia;  [abstract.]  American  Journal  of 
Archaeology , Second  Series 14, 1910. p.75-76. 

The  excavation  of  Sardis;  [letter.]  Princeton 
Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  10, 1910.  p.  498. 

C  93  3 


Letter  describing  work  at  Sardis,  May  14,  1910. 
The  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  35,  extra,  June  14, 
1910.  p.  4. 

American  excavations  at  Sardis.  American  Jour¬ 
nal  of  Archaeology ,  Second  series ,  v.  14.  p.  401- 

13;  v.  J5>  P-  445-58;  v-  l6>  P-  465-79;  v-  !7> 

p.  471-8;  v.  18,  p.  425-37.  1910-14. 

Letter  to  Dr.  C.  W.  Kennedy  about  Sardis. 
Princetoyi  Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  1 1,  191 1.  p.  360- 

361- 

Also  in:  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  36,  no.  14, 

March  14, 191 1.  p.  1. 

Lydian  inscriptions  from  Sardis  (with  Albert 
Thumb).  American  Journal  of  Archaeology , 
Second  series ,  v.  15,  ipu.p.  149-160. 

An  archaeological  discovery  of  firCt  importance. 
Princeton  Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  13,  1912.  p.  11- 

T5- 

(Reprinted  from  the  York  Evening  Pott). 

Important  discovery;  key  to  Lydian  language 
found;  [interview.]  The  Daily  Princetonian , 
v.  37,  no.  38,  September  27, 1912,  p.  1. 

Correction  to  A.  J.  A.  xvi,  1912.  p.  477.  A?neri- 
can  Journal  of  Archaeology ,  Second  series ,  v. 
17, 1913.  p. 2 66. 

Sardis;  [interview.]  Daily  Princetonian ,  v. 
37,  no.  91,  October  10,  1914.  p.  3. 

Sardis  and  the  American  excavations.  Scribner  s 
Magazine,  v.  55,  1914.  p.  343-357. 

Bringing  a  dead  city  to  life.  The  Youth’s  Com¬ 
panion,  April  22, 1915. 

C  94  3 


Art  makes  the  world  a  finer  place  to  live  in.  The 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  39,  no.  50,  December 
9,1916.  p.  1,3. 

DiCtinCt  ages  mark  Ctyle  of  Princeton  architec¬ 
ture;  [interview.]  The  Daily  Princetonian ,  v. 
38,  no.  349,  January  20,  1916.  p.  1,4. 

University  will  have  architectural  school;  [inter¬ 
view.]  The  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  39,  no.  66, 
January  12,  1917.  p.  1,  4. 

Architectural  school  in  Department  of  Art.  The 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  39,  no.  68,  January  15, 
1917.  p.  1,4. 

Among  the  Druses,  “Cousins  of  the  English,”  on 
the  borders  of  old  Arabia.  Scribner  s  Maga¬ 
zine ■,  v.  63,  1918.  p.  571-579- 

Plea  to  save  antiquities;  a  report  of  an  address 
before  the  Archaeological  Institute.  The  New 
York  Suny  January  3,  1919. 

War  greatly  increases  architectural  interest.  The 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  40,  no.  29.  February 
x4,  I9J9-  P-  U  4- 

Plans  for  new  Architectural  School;  [interview.] 
The  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  40,  no.  88,  May  6, 
1919.  p. 1-2. 

Architectural  school  opened;  [interview.]  The 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  40,  no.  136,  October 
16,  1919.  p.  1-2. 

Foreword  to  “Princeton  sketches  by  Maitland 
Belknap  and  Edwin  Avery  Park.”  [Privately 
printed.]  CI919.  2  p. 

Editor:  Art  and  Archaeology;  an  illustrated  month- 

[  95 : 


ly  magazine ,  v.  9,  no.  4,  April,  1920.  [Special 
number  edited  by  H.  C.  B.] 

Desert  Syria,  the  land  of  a  loSt  civilization.  The 
Geographical  Review ,  v.  9,  1920.  p.  77-108. 

Hellenistic  cities  of  Asia  Minor;  an  editorial  pref¬ 
ace.  Art  and  Archaeology ,v-9, 1920, p.  155-156. 

Letter  defending  the  Triangle  Show  of  1920.  The 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  41,  no.  149.  December 
17,  1920.  p.  3-4. 

Miletus,  Priene  and  Sardis.  Art  and  Archaeology , 
v.  9, 1920.  p.  171-86. 

The  School  of  Architecture;  [editorial.]  The  Daily 
Princetonian ,  v.  41,  no.  78,  June  5,  1920.  p.  2. 

Good  conditions  in  Smyrna;  a  letter,  June  14, 
1921.  New  York  Times,  June  19, 11, 2:6.  1921. 

Investigations  atAssos;  conducted  by  the  Archae¬ 
ological  Institute  of  America.  Art  and  Archae- 
ology^v.  12, 1921.  p.  17-26. 

McCormick  Hall  and  the  School  of  Architecture. 
Princeton  Alumni  JVeekly  ,v .22,1921  .p.99-102. 

In  Memoriam:  Walter  LeSter  Ward.  Yearbook  of 
the  Princeton  Architectural  Association ,  1921. 
p.  15-17. 

Preface.  Yearbook  of  the  Princeton  Architectural 
Association ,  1921.  p.  1-2. 

Report  of  the  progress  of  the  School  of  Archi¬ 
tecture  of  Princeton  University.  Yearbook  of 
the  Princeton  Architectural  Association ,  1921. 
p.  6-14. 

Conditions  controlling  excavation  work  in  Sardis 

[  96  3 


outlined.  Yhe  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  42,  no. 
165.  January  16, 1922.  p.  3. 

Our  museums’  big  chance;  new  opportunity  for 
leadership  in  excavations  for  classic  art  ob¬ 
jects;  [interview.]  New  York  Yimes ,  February 
26,  vii,  14:1.  1922. 

The  resumption  of  excavations  at  Sardis.  Prince¬ 
ton  Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  22, 1922.  p.  632. 

Maps  made  in  Syria  by  Princeton  men  and  used 
in  the  British  campaign  against  the  Turks. 
News-Letter  of  the  Princeton  Engineering  Asso- 
ciation ,  v.  2, 1922.  p.  106-108. 

A  journey  in  Ledja.  National  Geographic  Maga¬ 
zine  (To  appear). 

Nabatean  temple  plans  and  the  plan  of  Syrian 
churches.  Essays  on  Eastern  art  dedicated  to 
Josef  Strzygowski  hy  his  friends  and  pupils  on 
the  occasion  of  his  60th  birthday  (To  appear). 

Elevated  columns  at  Sardis  and  the  sculptured 
pedestals  from  Ephesus.  Anatolian  Studies  pre¬ 
sented  to  Sir  William  Ramsay.  Manchester , 
Manchester  University  Press.  (To  appear). 


[  97  ] 


PROFESSOR  BUTLER  AND  HIS  WORK 

Mr.  Butler  and  his  archaeological  work.  Annual 
report  of  the  President  of  Princeton  University 
(Woodrow  Wilson),  1905.  p.  3. 

Howard  Crosby  Butler;  autobiographical  sketch. 
In  “Princeton  Class  of  Ninety-Two. ”  N.  Y. 

I9°7*  P- 53-57- 

Archaeological  expedition.  Phe  Daily  Princeton- 
ian ,  v.  33,  no.  170,  February  15,  1909.  p.  1. 

Jalabert,  L.  Deux  missions  archeologiques  ameri- 
caines  en  Syrie.  Melanges  de  lafaculte  orientale 
Beyrouth  {Syrie)  Tome  111,  Fasc.  11.  p.  713— 
752.  1909. 

Important  discoveries  in  Sardis.  Princeton  Alum¬ 
ni  Weekly  n.  p.58-59.  1910. 

Large  excavations  made  by  Princeton  men.  Phe 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  35,  no.  79.  September 
26, 1910.  p.  1. 

Excavations  at  Sardis.  Phe  Daily  Princetonian , 
v.  35,  no.  141,  December  13, 1910.  p.  1. 

Archaeology  [Mr.  Butler  and  Sardis.]  New  Inter¬ 
national  Yearbook ,  1910.  p.  50;  1911,  p.  64; 

I9125p.44;i9i3,p.5i-52;19l4,p.48;i9i5,p.42. 

Chase,  George  H.,  Archaeology  in  1909.  Phe  Clas¬ 
sical  Journal ,  v.  6,  p.  65.  1910-11;  Archaeol¬ 
ogy  in  1910,  ibid.  v.  7,  p.  62-64;  Archaeology 
in  1 9 1 1 ,  ibid.  v.  8,  p.99-101, 191 2-13;  Archae¬ 
ology  in  1912,  ibid.  v.  9,  p.  54-55.  1913-14; 
Archaeology  in  1913,  ibid.  v.  10,  p.  1 00-10 1. 

I9I4“I5- 


n  98 : 


Butler  expedition  will  sail  for  Eadt  Wednesday. 

' Phe  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  35,  no.  150,  Janu¬ 
ary  9, 1911.  p.  1. 

Lucy  Wharton  Drexel  medal  conferred.  The  Daily 
Princetonian ,  v.  36,  no.  1.  February  27,  1911. 

P-3- 

Robinson,  David  M.,  Report  of  a  ledture  upon 
archaeological  work  in  Asia  Minor.  Phe  Daily 
Princetonian ,  v.  36,  no.  60,  May  12,  1911.  p.i. 

Tracy,  C.  C.,  Sardis  uncovered.  Missionary  Her¬ 
ald,  v. 107,  p. 361-362.  191 1. 

Sardis  Excavations;  [interview.]  PheDaily  Prince¬ 
tonian,  v.  36,  no.  152.  December  19,  1911.  p. 
1-2. 

Excavations  at  Sardis.  Phe  Daily  Princetonian,  v. 
36,  no.  159,  January  11, 1912.  p.  3. 

Third  season  at  Sardis;  [editorial.]  Princeton 
Alumni  Weekly,  v.  12,  1912.  p.  218. 

The  Sardis  Expedition.  Annual  report  of  the  Pres¬ 
ident  of  Princeton  University  (John  Grier  Hib- 
ben)  1912,  p.37-38;  1913^.47-48. 

Princeton  man  to  Sardis.  New  York  Pimes.  Janu¬ 
ary  19,  v.  18:4, 19I3- 

Howard  Crosby  Butler.  Phe  New  International 
Encyclopaedia,  v.  4,  1914.  p.  219. 

T he  Sardis  Expedition  (from  the  President’s  annu¬ 
al  report  for  1913).  Princeton  AlumniWeekly , 
v.  14,  I9t4-  P- 327- 

Sardis.  International  Standard  Bible  Encyclopae¬ 
dia,  v.  4,  1915.  p. 2692. 

C  99  3 


/ 


The  School  of  Architecture.  Annual  report  of  the 
President  of  Princeton  University  (John  Grier 
Hibben)  1916,  p.  8-10. 

Denial  from  Professor  Butler;  Princeton  archae¬ 
ologist  is  not  to  search  for  wealth  of  Croe¬ 
sus.  New  York  Yimes,  January  2,  6:8.  1917. 

The  American  and  Princeton  Archaeological  Ex¬ 
peditions  to  Syria.  In  Camden  M.  Cobern, 
“The  New  Archaeological  Discoveries,”  3d 
edition.  New  York  (Funk  &  Wagnalls),  1918. 
p.  442,  etc. 

Howard  Crosby  Butler,  American  Educator.  Yhe 
Encyclopedia  Americana ,  v.  5,  1918.  p.  79. 

Excavations  at  Sardis,  Encyclopaedia  Britan- 
nica  (New  Volumes),  xxx,  1922.  p.  182. 

Howard  Crosby  Butler.  Who's  Who  in  America , 
v.  12, 1922-23. 

Seeks  to  excavate  old  Lydian  Capital.  New  York 
Yimes ,  May  7, 11,2:3.  1922. 

Howard  Crosby  Butler.  In  “The  Class  of  1892 
Princeton  University  After  Thirty  Years.” 
Princeton,  1922.  p.  34-37. 

Gold  coins  minted  by  Croesus  found  in  ruins  of 
Sardis;  [interview  with  Dr.  T.  Leslie  Shear.] 
New  York  Yimes ,  June  14, 1  :i.  1922. 

Find  oldest  gold  coins.  Boflon  Evening  Yran- 
script,  June  15, 1922.  p.  12. 

Johnston,  Alva.  The  potted  gold  of  Croesus.  New 
York  Yimes ,  June  25, 111,  17:1.  1922. 


[  100  3 


Marquand,  Allan.  Howard  Crosby  Butler.  March 
7,  1872 — August  13, 1922.  Bulletin  of  the  Arch¬ 
aeological  Institute  of  America,  v.  13,  p.  154- 
156.  1922. 

Notice  of  death  of  Professor  Butler.  New  York 
Herald  (Paris  edition),  August  16,  1922. 

Notice  of  death  of  Professor  Butler,  New  York 
Yimes,  August  16,  1922.  p.  9:3. 

A  tribute  to  Professor  Butler.  Yhe  Yimes  (Lon¬ 
don),  August  19, 1922.  p.  5. 

Howard  Crosby  Butler.  Princeton  Packet ,  Au¬ 
gust  19,  1922. 

Short  account  of  Burial.  New  York  Yimes s  Sep¬ 
tember  7,  1922.  p.  1715- 

Death  of  Professor  Butler.  Yhe  Daily  Princeton- 
ian ,  v.  43,  no.  90,  September  27,  1922.  p.  1,7. 

Professor  Butler;  [editorial.]  Yhe  Daily  Prince- 
tonian ,  v.  43,  no.  90,  September  27,  1922.  p.  2. 

We£t,  Andrew  Fleming.  Tribute  to  Mr.  Butler. 
Yhe  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  43,  no.  90,  Septem¬ 
ber  27,  1922.  p.  1, 7. 

Professor  H.  C.  Butler,  ’92,  dies  suddenly.  News¬ 
letter  of  the  Princeton  Engineering  Association , 
v.  3,  no.  1,  September,  1922.  p.  14. 

Services  held  to-day  in  memory  of  Butler.  Yhe 
Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  43,  no.  1 1 1,  October  21, 
1922.  p.  1,4. 

Butler’s  life  eulogized  at  memorial  ceremonies. 
Yhe  Daily  Princetonian ,  v.  43,  no.  112,  Octo¬ 
ber  23, 1922.  p.  1,  6. 


[  101  ] 


[The  memorial  service;  editorial].  Princeton  Alum¬ 
ni  Weekly ,  v.  23,  p.  78,  October  25,  1922. 

Kennedy,  Charles  W.  To  H.  C.  B.  Princeton 
Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  23,  p.  98, 1922. 

Wedt,  Andrew  Fleming.  In  Memoriam:  Howard 
Crosby  Butler;  Dean  West’s  tribute  at  the 
memorial  service  in  Prodter  Hall.  Princeton 
Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  23,  p.  98, 1922. 

Steese,  Edward.  Lines  in  memory  of  Howard 
Crosby  Butler.  Phe  Nassau  Literary  Maga¬ 
zine ,  v.  78,  p.  74.  1922. 

Excavations  at  Sardis.  Phe  Scientific  American , 
v.  128,  p.  27.  1922. 

Shear,  Theodore  Leslie.  Sixth  preliminary  report 
on  the  American  Excavations  at  Sardis.  Amer¬ 
ican  Journal  of  Archaeology ,  v.  26,  p.  389— 
409.  1922. 

Necrology — Howard  Crosby  Butler.  American 
Journal  of  Archaeology,  Second  series ,  v.  26,  p. 
339-340.  1922- 

Hibben,  John  Grier.  Opening  address,  September 
26,  1922.  Princeton  Alumni  Weekly ,  v.  23,  p. 
8-9,  Odlober  4, 1922. 

In  Memoriam:  Howard  Crosby  Butler.  Bulletin 
of  the  American  Schools  of  Oriental  Research , 
no.  7,  p.  4-5,  Odlober,  1922. 

The  coins  of  Croesus;  [editorial.]  New  York 
Pimes ,  November  6,  1922.  p.  14. 

In  Memoriam:  Howard  Crosby  Butler.  Art  and 
Archaeology ,  v.  15,  p.  46.  1923. 


n  102 1 


Resolution  of  the  Faculty  adopted  October  16, 
1922.  Annual  report  of  the  President  of  Prince¬ 
ton  University  (John  Grier  Hibben),  Decem¬ 
ber.  1922,  p. 18-19. 

Howard  Crosby  Butler.  Biographical  notice  pre¬ 
fixed  to  his  volume  on  the  Temple  of  Artemis. 
(Publications  of  the  American  Society  for  the 
Excavation  of  Sardis,  v.  2,  pt.  1.)  {In  press.) 

Howard  Crosby  Butler,  1872-1922.  Princeton, 
N.  J.  Princeton  University  Press ,  1923.  93  p. 

Rich  Sardis  relics  at  Metropolitan  reveal  Lydian 
life.  New  York  Times ,  March  2,  1923.  p.  1,3. 

Leach,  Howard  Seavoy.  A  selebl  bibliography  of 
the  published  writings  of  Howard  Crosby 
Butler  {American  Journal  of  Archaeology ) 

(To  appear.) 


c  103  ] 


SELECTED  REVIEWS 

Scotland's  ruined  Abbeys.  N.  Y.  Macmillan,  1 899. 
'The  Nation ,  v.  69,  1899.  p.  434;  The  Athen¬ 
aeum ,  v.  1,  1900.  p.  214-215;  The  American 
Historical  Review  (by  A.  D.  F.  Hamlin),  v.  5, 
1900.  p.  610-61 1 ;  The  Bolton  Herald ,  Novem¬ 
ber  4,  1899;  The  New  York  Tribune ,  Decem¬ 
ber  2,  1899;  The  Scotsman ,  December  7,  1899; 
The  Churchman ,  December  9,  1899;  The  New 
York  Evening  Poll,  December  12,  1899;  ^he 
Morning  Poll  (by  J.  G.  M’Pherson)  December 
27,  1899;  The  Glasgow  Herald ,  December  28, 
1899;  The  Pall  Mall  Gazette  ^  January  26, 1900; 
The  Stirling  Observer ,  February  7,  1900;  The 
Manchester  Guardian ,  February  10,  1900;  The 
Guardian ,  February  28,  1900;  The  Saturday 
Review ,  April  14,  1900. 

American  archaeological  expedition  to  Syria  in 
1899-1900.  Publications.  (Architecture  and 
other  arts) ;  American  Journal  of  Archaeology , 
n.  s.  v.  8,  1904.  p.  301 ;  The  Nation ,  v.  78,  1904 
p.  396;  Byzantiniscbe  Zeitscbrift  (by  J.  Strzy- 
gowski),  v.  14,  1905.  p.  298-300;  The  Classi¬ 
cal  Review  (by  R.  P.  Spiers),  v.  19,  1905.  p. 
85-87;  Revue  Biblique  (by  H.  Vincent),  n.  s. 
v.  2,  1905.  p.  112-114;  Berliner  Pbilologiscbe 
Wocbenscbrift  (by  A.  Furtwangler),  1906.  p. 
692-693;  Wocbenscbrift  fur  Klassiscbe  Pbil- 
ologie  (by  M.  Sobernheim),  Jahrg.  25,  1908. 
p.  481-485;  American  Journal  of  Philology 
(by  D.  M.  Robinson),  v.  30,  1909.  p.  199-207. 


Z  104  3 


The  ^tory  of  Athens.  N.  Y.  The  Century  Com¬ 
pany,  1902;  The  Dial  (by  G.  M.  R.  Twose), 
v.  35,  1903.  p.  91;  The  Nation ,  v.  76,  1903.  p. 
79;  The  Independent ,  v.  55,  1903.  p.  795-796. 

Princeton  University  Archaeological  Expedition 
to  Syria  in  1904-05  and  1909.  Publications. 
Variously  reviewed  as  parts  appeared  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Byzantinische  Zeitschrift  (by  J.  S.),  v.  1 8, 

1909.  p.  278-280;  Revue  Biblique  (by  Hughes 
Vincent,  O.  P.),  n.  s.  v.  5,  p.  592-596;  Revue 
Biblique  (by  Hughes  Vincent,  O.P.),  n.  s.  v.  7, 

1910.  p.  285-288;  Revue  Biblique  (by  Hughes 
Vincent,  O.P.),  n.  s.  v.  9,  1912.  p.  296-299; 
Byzantinische  Zeitschrift  (by  J.  S.),  v.  20, 

19 1 1 .  p.  597;  Byzantinische  Zeitschrift  (by  J. 
S.)  v.  21,  1912.  p.  342-343;  Wochenschrift fur 
Klassische  Philologie ,  Jahrg.  29,  1912.  p.  112- 
1 17 ;  The  Classical  Review  (by  W.  H.  D. 
Rouse),  v.  26,  1912.  p.  171-172;  Revue  Bib¬ 
lique  (by  F.  M.  Abel),  n.  s.  v.  1 1,  1914.  p.  597“ 
600;  The  Classical  Review  (by  W.  H.  D. 
Rouse),  v.  28,  1914.  p.  165-166;  Wochen¬ 
schrift  fur  Klassische  Bhilologie ,  Jahrg.  31, 

1914.  p.  673-676;  Homiletic  Review ,  v.  69, 

1915.  p.  343-344;  Homiletic  Review ,  v.  72, 

1916.  p.  54;  Palestine  Exploration  Fund; 
Quarterly  Statement  (by  J.  D.  C.),  January, 
1916.  p.  44-46;  Homiletic  Review  (by  G.  W. 
G.),  v.  84, 1922.  p.  220-221. 


C  >°5  1 


UNPUBLISHED  MANUSCRIPTS 


Architectural  studies  in  Sicily  and  Southern  Italy. 
Early  Churches  in  Syria. 

Land  of  a  Lo£t  Civilization. 


Pa£t  Accomplishments  and  Future  Possibilities 
of  Archaeology  in  the  Turkish  Empire. 

Plea  for  the  Protection  of  American  Educational 
and  Scientific  Enterprises  in  the  Ottoman 
Empire. 

Report  on  the  Proposals  for  an  Independent  Arab 
State  or  States. 


The  Internationalization  of  the  Historic  Monu¬ 
ments  of  Nearer  Asia.  (Paper  read  at  the 
Meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  of 
America,  December,  1918.) 

Two  new  Syrian  Maps. 

Windows  and  doorways. 


C  106  ] 


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